Seismic Attributes for Prospect Identification and Reservoir Characterization

Chopra, Satinder; Marfurt, Kurt J.

doi:10.1190/1.9781560801900

Cited by 645 publications

(346 citation statements)

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“…The concept of GPR attributes stems from seismic-attribute analysis, a research topic originated in the early 1970s for hydrocarbon exploration. Actually, seismic-attribute analysis is routinely adopted, especially in the oil and gas industry (75). Similarities between the kinematic properties of seismic and GPR data have been well-demonstrated, and the main difference regards the scale of applicability and the physical parameters, such as velocity, frequency, and perturbing field.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Roman military fortifications and the origin of Trieste, Italy

Bernardini

Vinci

Horvat

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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An interdisciplinary study of the archaeological landscape of the Trieste area (northeastern Italy), mainly based on airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR), ground penetrating radar (GPR), and archaeological surveys, has led to the discovery of an early Roman fortification system, composed of a big central camp (San Rocco) flanked by two minor forts. The most ancient archaeological findings, including a Greco–Italic amphora rim produced in Latium or Campania, provide a relative chronology for the first installation of the structures between the end of the third century B.C. and the first decades of the second century B.C. whereas other materials, such as Lamboglia 2 amphorae and a military footwear hobnail (type D of Alesia), indicate that they maintained a strategic role at least up to the mid first century B.C. According to archaeological data and literary sources, the sites were probably established in connection with the Roman conquest of the Istria peninsula in 178–177 B.C. They were in use, perhaps not continuously, at least until the foundation of Tergeste, the ancestor of Trieste, in the mid first century B.C. The San Rocco site, with its exceptional size and imposing fortifications, is the main known Roman evidence of the Trieste area during this phase and could correspond to the location of the first settlement of Tergeste preceding the colony foundation. This hypothesis would also be supported by literary sources that describe it as a phrourion (Strabo, V, 1, 9, C 215), a term used by ancient writers to designate the fortifications of the Roman army

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Roman military fortifications and the origin of Trieste, Italy

Bernardini

Vinci

Horvat

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Such variance calculations are a standard means for such analysis in seismic data sets, especially in time or depth slices [e.g., Chopra and Marfurt, 2007]. The most striking observation is that the center part of the 2-D profile is located in an area of the 3-D P wave data that shows very low variance, compared with the neighboring sections (Figure 15).…”

Section: Profile Protectmentioning

confidence: 98%

Near‐surface fault detection using high‐resolution shear wave reflection seismics at the CO2CRC Otway Project site, Australia

et al. 2016

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High‐resolution, near‐surface, shear wave reflection seismic measurements were carried out in November 2013 at the CO2CRC Otway Project site, Victoria, Australia, with the aim to determine whether and, if so, where deeper faults reach the near subsurface. From a previous P wave 3‐D reflection seismic data set that was concentrated on a reservoir at 2 km depth, we can only interpret faults up to 400 m below sea level. For the future monitoring in the overburden of the CO2 reservoir it is important to know whether and how the faults continue in the subsurface. We prove that two regional fault zones do in fact reach the surface instead of dying out at depth. Individual first‐break signatures in the shot gathers along the profiles support this interpretation. However, this finding does not imply perforce communication between the reservoir and the surface in the framework of CO2 injection. The shear wave seismic sections are complementary to existing P wave volumes. They image with high resolution (better than 3 m vertically) different tectonic structures. Similar structures also outcrop on the southern coast of the Otway Basin. Both the seismic and the outcrops evidence the complex youngest structural history of the area.

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“…However, it is generally not possible with conventional seismic reflection to detect lithologic variability within a particular parasequence nor of thin interbeds of strata at the bedset scale. However, more sophisticated seismic-reflection processing and manipulation, such as seismic inversion and seismic-attribute analysis [41] are routinely being used to improve imaging and interpretation of various shalestrata properties. Nevertheless, the geological knowledge that strata at the Parasequence Scale are composed of a specific ductile-brittle stacking pattern provides an indirect indicator for detecting these couplets from seismicreflection records.…”

Section: Seismic Reflectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important geological properties of unconventional resource shales

Slatt

2011

Open Geosciences

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Abstract:The revelation of vast global quantities of potentially productive gas and oil-prone shales has led to advancements in understanding important geological properties which impact reservoir performance. Based upon research on a variety of shales, several geological properties have been recognized as being common and important to hydrocarbon production.(1) transport/depositional processes include hemipelagic 'rain', hyperpycnal flows, turbidity current flows, tempestites , wave-reworking, and contour currents in both shallow and deep water settings. (2) Common shale minerals include clays, quartz, calcite, dolomite, apatite, and pyrite; organic constituents include spores (Tasmanites), plant remains, biogenic quartz and calcite, and arenaceous foraminifera. (3) Porosity and permeability are characteristically low with pore sizes ranging down to the nanoscale. Main pore types include intergranular (including pores within clay floccules), porous organic matter, porous fecal pellets, and microfractures. (4) Important geochemical characteristics include organic richness (>3%), maturity (>1.1%Ro for shale gas and 0.6-0.9% for shale oil) and type (I-IV), in addition to certain biomarkers which are indicators of bottom water oxicity during deposition. Remaining hydrocarbon potential [RHP = (S1 + S2)/TOC] also reflects temporal environmental changes. 'Isotopic reversals' can be used to detect best producing areas in shale-gas plays. (5) Lithofacies stacking patterns and sequence stratigraphy are the result of eustatic depositional history. A general sequence stratigraphic model is presented here that highlights this commonality. (6) Geomechanical properties are key to drilling, fracturing and production of hydrocarbons. Brittle-ductile couplets at several scales occur in shale sequences. (7) Geophysical properties, when calibrated to rock properties, provide a means of regionally to locally mapping the aforementioned properties. (8) Economic and societal considerations in the exploration and development of resource shales are garnering attention. Many potentially economic shale-gas and shale-oil plays are being identified globally. Risks and uncertainties associated with gas-and oil-rich shales include the lack of long-term production histories, environmental concerns related to hydraulic fracturing, uncertainty in calculating hydrocarbons-in-place, and fluctuations in supply, demand, and price.

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Seismic Attributes for Prospect Identification and Reservoir Characterization

Cited by 645 publications

References 0 publications

Early Roman military fortifications and the origin of Trieste, Italy

Early Roman military fortifications and the origin of Trieste, Italy

Near‐surface fault detection using high‐resolution shear wave reflection seismics at the CO2CRC Otway Project site, Australia

Important geological properties of unconventional resource shales

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