Seismic Assessment of Typical Historical Masonry Churches in Banat region, Romania - Part I

Banat is a south-western region of Romania in which all villages contain orthodox churches. The churches in question were constructed during the end of the 18th century – beginning of the 19th. It is important mentioning that the religious activity was uninterrupted during this time. The churches are located in the following villages: Poganesti, Voiteg, Zgribesti, Balint, Sanmihaiu Roman, Hezeris, Unip, Capat, Saravale, Hodoni, Igris, Babsa, Ficatari, jebel, Visma, Cadar, Hodos, Olosag. The aim of the study is to identify the primary issues, deteriorations, which became apparent with time and present during evaluation and identifying the cause of this. The observations were made during 2022-2023. The majority of the orthodox churches from Banat consist of a central area (naos), sometimes accompanied by transepts on both sides, a sanctuary in the eastern part and a bell tower in the western part. The primary structural degradation consists of cracks in the walls, the arches and domes. The causes of all this are unequal leaning of the walls, uneven weight exerted by the structure, foundations with insufficient width and depth, and the effects of earthquakes from the past. In addition, there is an overall exfoliation and peeling of the plaster, also excessive humidity among the lower part of the walls. This has happened due to capillary ascent of water and the frosting-defrosting process. Most of the time, improper interventions and the use of cementbased materials have accelerated the process of deterioration. Sometimes, local destructions of the roof and wooden extremities are present because of ageing and lack of maintenance of the roof’s cover, the effects can be noticed on the sheets of metal or ceramic tiles. All of this inevitably leads to a partial or complete destruction of internal mural pictures, often times of great artistic value. The major conclusion represents a centralization of the damaging factors and the proposal of few measures of mitigating the effects of them.

“…In the Banat area, numerous vulnerability studies have been carried out in recent years, there is a desire to restore and restore the true value of the Orthodox churches [3,4].…”

Section: Brief History and Particularities Of The Orthodox Churches I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Common issues regarding the churches of Banat

Gosta

2024

“…The former Metropolitan Summer Residence in Sibiu is a villa-type building surrounded by an enclosed English garden and was built around 1876 in an eclectic style as a residence for the Metropolitan of Transylvania [3]. The building's floor plan is rectangular with multiple setbacks and accesses.…”

Section: Case Study -The Former Metropolitan Summer Residence In Sibiumentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent methods of visualization used in the diagnosis and consolidation of historic structures

Gigi,

Marius

2024

The subject addresses heritage objects that are subject to degradation processes caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors. One of the current solutions is directed towards a varied range of scientific instruments, thus facilitating the analysis and diagnosis of the concerned buildings, contributing also to the identification of materials and techniques used and providing information about any previous interventions of conservation attempts. Recent visualization methods used in the diagnosis and consolidation of historic structures can utilize both three-dimensional laser scanning technology and laser interferometry as a diagnostic method, as well as alternative methods such electrometry, magnetometry and ground penetrating radar devices. The subject aims to address how heritage objects can be secured using 3D scanning technologies. The case studies were conducted on the Bezdin Monastery Complex, the ”Saint Martyr Gheorghe” Church, the ”Saint Martyr Filimon” Monastery and the former Metropolitan Summer Residence in Sibiu. The selected case studies illustrate the methodology for obtaining and processing field data, as well as the use of this data in the diagnosis process and in selecting appropriate consolidation options for these historical structures based on obtained results. These technologies have provided specialists with the possibility of extracting vital information both in the diagnostic phase and throughout the implementation of restoration works. Advanced scanning technologies of today have enabled the creation of a database with the capability of providing pertinent information about a building’s past, starting from its initial stage, up to the completion of execution works, which significantly aids in facilitating the process of diagnostic analysis and structural calculation.

“…Historical monuments are an integral part of the national cultural heritage and are protected by law. Activities and measures to protect historical monuments are carried out in the public interest, on various type of heritage structures, such as palaces [2], churches [3], protected urban areas [4] and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles and technologies of historical structures consolidation, case study of Banloc castle complex

Moșiu,

Vanciu-Rău,

Gheboianu

et al. 2024

Historical monuments (palaces, churches, protected urban areas, so on) are integral part of the national cultural heritage which need activities and measures to protect them. The Banloc complex, located in the west of Romania, encompasses five buildings: the castle, the hunting pavilion, the kitchen, housekeeper house, and the stall. This study involves historical, architectural, structural and physical-chemical investigations with the aim of finding the correct restoration solutions, in good agreement with the Venice Charter, respectively the Nara Charter. Being affected by time and by the seismic sequence (Mw 5.6), the restoration of the building is absolutely necessary for recovering the functionality, structural solution and highlighting the artistic elements. Some analytical techniques, as: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Wavelength Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), optical microscopy (OM), and zoom microscopy, Infrared spectroscopy Fourier Transformed (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, have been used in this paper in order to clarify the main aspects about the structure, composition and morphological of the samples collected from Pavilion building. The oxides composition, and the possible organic impurities has been identified by WDXRF amd FTIR/Raman spectra, respectively. The microscopy images revealed the colours, fissures, cracks and even holes due to the time weathering processes, and damages they suffered in time.