Seismic and Infrasound Data Recorded at Regional Seismoacoustic Research Arrays in South Korea from the Six DPRK Underground Nuclear Explosions

Abstract

Five seismoacoustic research arrays and one infrasound research array located across the southern Korean peninsula have been installed, maintained, and are cooperatively operated by Southern Methodist University and Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources. The seismoacousitc arrays are each composed of 1–5 broadband seismometers spaced from 0.5 to 1.5 km and 4–16 infrasound sensors spaced from 0.1 to 1.5 km. The arrays—BRDAR, CHNAR, KSGAR, KMPAR, TJIAR, and YPDAR—have recorded regional seismic and infrasound signals from the six underground nuclear explosions conducted by Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. These seismoacoustic data are being made available for researchers interested in studying and quantifying the explosion source functions of these events as well as wave propagation effects in the solid earth and atmosphere as constrained by seismic and infrasound observations at regional distances.

Source Characterization of the Declared North Korean Nuclear Tests From Regional Distance Coda Wave Spectral Ratios

“…Data Availability Statement Raw seismic data from the Global Seismograph Network (GSN) stations are available from the Data Management Center of Incorporated Research Institution for Seismology (IRIS DMC, https:// ds.iris.edu/ds/nodes/dmc/); the raw waveforms from the six research arrays from Stump et al (2022) (i.e., BRDAR, KMPAR, KSGAR, MJAR, YPDAR) are available from the IRIS DMC as assembled data set 21-018 with temporary network code 6L for the year(s) 2006-2017 and the raw waveforms from the temporary deployments (i.e., the Dongbei Broadband Seismic Network stations DN04-17) are available from network 5G. The body wave magnitudes are available from the USGS National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC; https:// earthquake.usgs.gov/), and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization (IDC; http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscbulletin/review/).…”

“…We collected waveform data from stations deployed at distances of up to 1,000 km from the North Korean test site (Figure 1 and Table S2 in Supporting Information S1) that measured ground motions generated by the announced nuclear explosions detonated between 9 October 2006 and 3 September 2017 (Table 3). The instruments that recorded these data include International Monitoring System (IMS) stations (e.g., USRK), arrays (e.g., BRDAR, KMPAR, KSGAR, MJAR, YPDAR from Stump et al., 2022), temporary deployments available from IRIS (e.g., Dongbei Broadband Seismic Network stations DN04‐17; Kim et al., 2017), and multichannel semipermanent stations (e.g., MDJ in China). The instruments in this data set include both high sample rate (≥100 Hz) short‐period receivers and moderate sample rate (≥40 Hz) broadband receivers.…”

A Comprehensive Review of Direction-of-Arrival Estimation and Localization Approaches in Mixed-Field Sources Scenario

“…a is obtained from (7). Two-dimensional (2-D) DOA estimation (estimation of both azimuth and elevation angles) [60] is an important issue in some applications, especially radar, mobile communication, sonar, seismology and industrial measurements [61][62][63].…”

“…In radar and sonar systems, sensor arrays are often used to determine the number of sources and estimate their position, or estimate the speed of targets such as airplanes, missiles, and submarines [4,5]. Seismic arrays are used for oil exploration and detection of underground nuclear tests [6,7]. For example, the Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR), an internationally recognized independent research foundation, now with 50 primary and 120 auxiliary seismic stations around the world, is working on improving array processing to improve an international monitoring system for seismic activity.…”

Deep Multimodal Learning for Seismoacoustic Fusion to Improve Earthquake‐Explosion Discrimination Within the Korean Peninsula

“…Since 1999, Southern Methodist University and the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) have collaborated jointly on a seismoacoustic monitoring project to install, maintain, operate, and conduct research with one infrasound and five seismoacoustic arrays within the Korean Peninsula to improve source identification and quantify propagation path effects in the ground and atmosphere (Stump et al., 2022). This concerted effort, combined with the prevalence of regional seismicity and anthropogenic activity, including industrial, military, and mining operations, has resulted in an abundance of seismic and associated infrasonic observations.…”