Seismic and acoustic observations at Mount Erebus Volcano, Ross Island, Antarctica, 1994–1998

Rowe, C. A.; Aster, R.; Kyle, Philip R.; Dibble, R. R.; Schlue, J. W.

doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(00)00170-0

Cited by 114 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The frequency characteristics of waveforms generated by Strombolian explosions are consistent across a wide range of amplitudes (Rowe et al, 2000), with peak energy at approximately 2 Hz . Though Strombolian explosions are commonly modelled as monopole sound sources, Johnson et al (2008) also successfully modelled infrasound as a pure dipole source, motivated by the variation in amplitude observed with azimuthal location at sensors spaced around the lava lake.…”

Section: Previous Studies At Mount Erebusmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…This lava lake is the source of the regular Strombolian explosions which characterise activity at Erebus. From 1972 to 2007 there were typically 2 to 6 explosions per day ; however, the occurrence of up to 900 Strombolian explosions in a single day has been reported (Rowe et al, 2000). Notable The Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory (MEVO) was formed in 1992.…”

Section: Previous Studies At Mount Erebusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notable The Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory (MEVO) was formed in 1992. Equipment installed initially included a 6-station telemetered seismic network and in 1996 the first permanent infrasonic microphone was co-located with one of the seismic stations (Rowe et al, 2000), although infrasound studies at Erebus began much earlier (e.g. Dibble, 1989).…”

Section: Previous Studies At Mount Erebusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infrasonic waveforms produced by Strombolian explosions in Ray Lake are generally short in duration (2-3 seconds for the high amplitude onset of the waveform) and comprise a high amplitude peak and trough followed by a coda of varied length and amplitude (Rowe et al 2000;Figure 5). The frequency characteristics of waveforms generated by Strombolian explosions are consistent across a wide range of amplitudes (Rowe et al, 2000), with peak energy at approximately 2 Hz .…”

Section: Previous Studies At Mount Erebusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activity at Mount Erebus is dominated by Strombolian explosions from the summit lava lake. These occur several times each day and produce relatively simple, highly repeatable infrasound signals (Rowe et al, 2000). Furthermore, Mount Erebus is a well studied volcano with a network of infrasound sensors within hundreds of meters of the vent (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing near-regional and local measurements of infrasound from Mount Erebus, Antarctica: Implications for monitoring

Dabrowa

Green

Johnson

et al. 2014

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Local (100s of meters from vent) monitoring of volcanic infrasound is a common tool at volcanoes characterized by frequent low-magnitude eruptions, but it is generally not safe or practical to have sensors so close to the vent during more intense eruptions. To investigate the potential and limitations of monitoring at near-regional ranges (10s of km) we studied infrasound detection and propagation at Mount Erebus, Antarctica. This site has both a good local monitoring network and an additional International Monitoring System infrasound array, IS55, located 25 km away. We Amplitudes recorded at IS55 varied between 3% and 180% of the amplitude expected assuming hemispherical spreading, indicating that amplitudes recorded at near-regional ranges to Erebus are unreliable indicators of event magnitude. Comparing amplitude decay rates with locally collected This is an author-produced, peer-reviewed version of this article. The final, definitive version of this document can be found online at Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, published by Elsevier. Copyright restrictions may apply. doi: 10.1016/ j.jvolgeores.2014.10.001 2 radiosonde data indicates a close relationship between recorded amplitude and lower atmosphere effective sound speed structure. At times of increased sound speed gradient, higher amplitude decay rates are observed, consistent with increased upward refraction of acoustic energy along the propagation path. This study indicates that whilst monitoring activity levels at near-regional ranges can be successful, variable amplitude decay rate means quantitative analysis of infrasound data for eruption intensity and magnitude is not advisable without consideration of local atmospheric sound speed structure.

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Section: Previous Studies At Mount Erebusmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Previous Studies At Mount Erebusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Studies At Mount Erebusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Studies At Mount Erebusmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing near-regional and local measurements of infrasound from Mount Erebus, Antarctica: Implications for monitoring

Dabrowa

Green

Johnson

et al. 2014

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Eruptive history and magmatic stability of Erebus volcano, Antarctica: Insights from englacial tephra

Iverson¹,

Kyle²,

Dunbar³

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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A tephrostratigraphy of the active Antarctic Erebus volcano was determined from englacial tephra on the ice-covered flanks of Erebus and an adjacent volcano. The tephra are used to reconstruct the eruptive history and magmatic evolution of Erebus. More fine-grained and blocky particles define tephra formed in phreatomagmatic eruptions and larger fluidal shards are characteristic of magmatic eruptions and in some cases both eruptive types are identified in a single mixed tephra. The eruptions forming the mixed tephra likely started as phreatomagmatic eruptions which transitioned into Strombolian eruptions as the nonmagmatic water source was exhausted. We reconstructed the eruptive history of Erebus using the tephra layers stratigraphic position, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages, shard morphology, and grain size. Major and trace element analyses of individual glass shards were measured by electron probe microanalysis and LA-ICP-MS. Trachybasalt, trachyte, and phonolite tephra were identified. All phonolitic tephra are Erebus-derived with compositions similar to volcanic bombs erupted from Erebus over the past 40 years. The tephra show that Erebus magma has not significantly changed for 40 ka. The uniformity of the glass chemical composition implies that the phonolite magma has crystallized in the same manner without change throughout the late Quaternary, suggesting long-term stability of the Erebus magmatic system. Trachyte and trachybasalt tephra were likely erupted from Marie Byrd Land and the McMurdo Sound area, respectively. The trachytic tephra can be regionally correlated and could provide an important time-stratigraphic marker in Antarctic ice cores.

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A previously unreported type of seismic source in the firn layer of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet

Lough

Barcheck

Wiens³

et al. 2015

JGR Earth Surface

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We identify a unique type of seismic source in the uppermost part of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet recorded by temporary broadband seismic arrays in East Antarctica. These sources, termed "firnquakes," are characterized by dispersed surface wave trains with frequencies of 1-10 Hz detectable at distances up to 1000 km. Events show strong dispersed Rayleigh wave trains and an absence of observable body wave arrivals; most events also show weaker Love waves. Initial events were discovered by standard detection schemes; additional events were then detected with a correlation scanner using the initial arrivals as templates. We locate sources by determining the L2 misfit for a grid of potential source locations using Rayleigh wave arrival times and polarization directions. We then perform a multiple-filter analysis to calculate the Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion and invert the group velocity for shear velocity structure. The resulting velocity structure is used as an input model to calculate synthetic seismograms. Inverting the dispersion curves yields ice velocity structures consistent with a low-velocity firn layer~100 m thick and show that velocity structure is laterally variable. The absence of observable body wave phases and the relative amplitudes of Rayleigh waves and noise constrain the source depth to be less than 20 m. The presence of Love waves for most events suggests the source is not isotropic. We propose the events are linked to the formation of small crevasses in the firn, and several events correlate with shallow crevasse fields mapped in satellite imagery.

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Seismic and acoustic observations at Mount Erebus Volcano, Ross Island, Antarctica, 1994–1998

Cited by 114 publications

References 22 publications

Comparing near-regional and local measurements of infrasound from Mount Erebus, Antarctica: Implications for monitoring

Comparing near-regional and local measurements of infrasound from Mount Erebus, Antarctica: Implications for monitoring

Eruptive history and magmatic stability of Erebus volcano, Antarctica: Insights from englacial tephra

A previously unreported type of seismic source in the firn layer of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet

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