Seismic analysis of concrete arch dams by combined discrete crack and non-orthogonal smeared crack technique

Experimental investigation on nonlinear dynamic response of concrete gravity dam-reservoir system

“…Various numerical techniques have been used by number of authors to investigate the evaluation of damage in dam. However, smear crack model and discrete crack model have been used by many researchers to study the damage propagation in concrete dam such as Lotfi and Espandar [29]. Ghrib and Tinawi [10] investigated the damages in Koyna dam with an initial damage using pseudo-dynamic earthquake forces.…”

Seismic assessment of a monolithic RCC gravity dam including three dimensional dam–foundation–reservoir interaction

“…The nonlinear response of dams, due to the material nonlinearity, contraction joint and dam foundation interactions, is generally modeled by using the massless foundation models [for example [15][16][17]. The literature review conducted reveals that two dimensional analyses of the dam geometries is still the most common approach for the design or evaluation of the gravity dams.…”

Numerical simulation of damage in high arch dam due to earthquake

“…Concerning 3D arch dams, Valliappan et al employed an elastic damage model to study the scope of the seismic damage of an arch dam supported on a rigid foundation [3], while Lotfi et al used the smeared crack model to investigate the stress distribution of an arch dam on a rigid foundation and estimated the possible cracked area [4]. The stress-strain relationship needs to be updated when non-orthogonal cracks occur; then interface elements may be introduced to perform a coupled analysis of discrete cracks.…”