Segregation on the Surface of Steels in Heat Treatment and Oxidatio.

Abstract

half a monolayer (e' =0.5), corresponding to a c(2 x 2) structure (Fig. 4a) (Fig. 5a)

High Nitrogen Stainless Steel as a Preferred Substratum for Bacteria and Other Microfouling Organisms

“…3) Nickel free stainless steel in which the element Nickel is replaced by nitrogen is a possible answer to this phenomenon. Mechanisms by which nitrogen as an alloying element increases the pitting corrosion resistance are reported such as consumption of proton by nitrogen to form ammonium ion helping in passivating the pit nucleus 4,5) ; nitrogen going into solution as nitrate ion thereby inhibiting pitting or segregation of nitrogen in the passive film playing a role in suppressing the dissolution of it. 4) In general, nitrogen compounds formed as a result of nitrogen in HNS are responsible for the corrosion resistance.…”

Segregation of copper in an Fe–Cu alloy under pulsed electric current

“…These zones with an increased concentration of solute can lead to interface fracture as a result of creep embrittlement, stress relief cracking, grain boundary corrosion, and some kinds of intergranular stress corrosion cracking [1][2][3][4]. Accordingly, the structural integrity of the material depends not only on the properties of the matrix, but also greatly on the properties of the interface in between.…”

“…Accordingly, the structural integrity of the material depends not only on the properties of the matrix, but also greatly on the properties of the interface in between. Basically, the segregation is closely related to the process of diffusion, in particular the thermal diffusion segregation is most concerned due to the enhanced diffusion at high temperatures [1][2][3][4]. In the application of pulsed electric current, the atomic diffusion can be enhanced [5,6] and the thermodynamic barrier for phase transformations can be decreased [7,8].…”

“…Segregation of a solute to surface or an internal interface of a solid produces of material with a discrete composition and its own set of properties that can have important (and often deleterious) effects on the overall properties of the material [1][2][3][4]. These zones with an increased concentration of solute can lead to interface fracture as a result of creep embrittlement, stress relief cracking, grain boundary corrosion, and some kinds of intergranular stress corrosion cracking [1][2][3][4].…”

Effect of alloy composition on the selective oxidation of ternary FeSiCr, FeMnCr model alloys

“…[1 -6] In order to understand the external/internal oxidation of alloying elements in steels upon annealing, a systematic approach on the model alloys is highly desirable. Literature survey on the oxidation behavior of Fe-Si and Fe-Mn alloys show that during annealing only SiO 2 and MnO are stable on the surface. [7 -9] However, the formations of mixed or complex oxides was also found in the ternary and quarternary model alloys.…”