Segregation of genotypically diverse progeny from self-fertilized haploids of the Chinese straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea

Mating-type heterokaryosis and selfing in Cryphonectria parasitica

“…In N. crassa, one tetrad lacked segregation of all markers, including MAT, although these progeny did not have any discernible mating-type mutations such as those in P. anserina (Barry, 1996). Some basidiomycetes commonly undergo monokaryotic, or haploid, fruiting (Chiu and Moore, 1999;Esser and Meinhardt, 1977), in which structures resembling sexual fruiting bodies and sexual spores are produced without fertilization. Similarly, haploid fruiting also occurs in some isolates of both mating types in the otherwise self-sterile basidiomycete yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans (Hull and Heitman, 2002;Wickes et al, 1996); however, it is still uncertain whether or not these spores are the products of meiosis.…”

Themes for mushroom exploitation in the 21st century: Sustainability, waste management, and conservation.

“…Young mycelia or the immature gills or spore germlings are good materials for protoplasting (Chiu et al, 1999). Protoplast technology has advanced basic studies in population genetics, fungal karyotype, and even sexuality for the economically important specialty mushrooms such as L. edodes and V. volvacea (Chiu and Moore, 1999b;Maeta et al, 1988;Ohmasa et al, 1987).…”

“…When V. volvacea is analyzed, it is a unique species not restricted from mating, though no regularity in mating reaction is found to be used for deducing a fixed genetic control system for sex (Chang and Yau, 1971;Chang et al, 1981;Chiu and Moore, 1999b;Royse et al, 1987). Also, there is evidence that genetic variation is observed in the wild (Chiu et al, 1995).…”

“…Also, there is evidence that genetic variation is observed in the wild (Chiu et al, 1995). Via protoplast formation and regeneration, the vegetative mycelium of V. volvacea is found to be heterokaryotic (Chiu and Moore, 1999b). This genetic heterogeneity persists in the F 1 and F 2 progenies of a self-fertile strain (Chang and Li, 1991;Chang et al, 1981;Chiu and Moore, 1999b).…”

“…Via protoplast formation and regeneration, the vegetative mycelium of V. volvacea is found to be heterokaryotic (Chiu and Moore, 1999b). This genetic heterogeneity persists in the F 1 and F 2 progenies of a self-fertile strain (Chang and Li, 1991;Chang et al, 1981;Chiu and Moore, 1999b). This self-fertility together with strain instability makes conventional breeding work difficult.…”