Segmented-Core Single Mode Optical Fiber With Ultra-Large-Effective-Area, Low Dispersion Slope and Flattened Dispersion for DWDM Optical Communication Systems

Abstract

Abstract-In this paper we present designs of fibers having non-zero positive, non-zero negative and near-zero ultra-flattened dispersion with small dispersion slope and ultra-large effective area over a wide spectral range. The designs consist of a concentric multilayer segmented core followed by a trench assisted cladding and a thin secondary core. The central segmented core helps in maintaining desired dispersion over a wide range of wavelength. The second core of the fiber helps in achieving ultra-large effective area and trench assisted cladding reduces the bending loss. The designs of the fiber have been analyzed by using the transfer matrix method. For positive non-zero dispersion flattened fiber we have optimized dispersion near +4.5 ps/km/nm in the wavelength range 1.46-1.65 µm. Maximum value of dispersion slope of the fiber in above mentioned wavelength range is 0.026 ps/km/nm 2 . In the design of negative non-zero dispersion flattened fiber, dispersion has been achieved near −6 ps/km/nm in the spectral range of 1.33-1.56 µm and maximum value of dispersion slope is 0.048 ps/km/nm 2 . Dispersion and dispersion slope of near zero dispersion flattened fiber lie in the range [0.0039-0.520] ps/km/nm and [(0.0004)-(0.0365)] ps/km/nm 2 respectively in the spectral range of 1.460-1.625 µm. The near zero dispersion flattened fiber has an ultra-high effective area ranging from 114 µm 2 to 325.95 µm 2 in the aforementioned wavelength range, which covers the entire S+C+L-band. These values of mode area are noticeably higher than those reported in literature for flattened dispersion fibers with large mode area. Designed fiber shows very small bending loss. We report breakthrough in the mode area of the single mode optical fiber with ultra flattened dispersion and low dispersion slope.

Theoretical study of the dispersion effects occurring at optical fiber connections

“…As can be seen, calculations by formula (19) and estimation using rated data of the optical cable give values of the same order. Of course, in this simplest model, phenomena such as return of energy from the shell to the core at distances of face-to-face lengths, difference between attenuation coefficients in the core and the shell media, etc.…”

“…Calculations by formula (19) give approximately ΔT p ≈ ≈1.2 ns. Compare the obtained value with typical rated values of the specific coefficient of dispersion [1].…”

“…In this case, the shell and the core can be considered in some way as two independent light conductors [17]. The dispersion effects are caused by difference in the group refractive indices [18,19] (hence, also by difference in the group velocities) in the OF core and shell.…”

“…16 and at the value N=10, p=10 -1.17 , respectively. N (1 -qN ) for different values of the number of connections N: at N=1000 (1); at N=100 (2); at N=10 (3) The formulas for the effective pulse duration (18) and the increment of CPD (19) were obtained with some simplifications. Direct numerical modeling of the operator (7) requires explicit specification of the initial form of optical signals and model parameters.…”

A Rapid Accurate Technique to Calculate the Group Delay, Dispersion and Dispersion Slope of Arbitrary Radial Refractive Index Profile Weakly-Guiding Optical Fibers

“…Modeling enables many refractive index profiles to be investigated and optimized without the need for costly and time consuming experimental fabrication and measurements. Over the past decades, numerous approximate techniques have been developed for the calculation of the dispersion parameters for single-mode optical fibers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and a variety of refractive index profiles were designed and analyzed to achieve the desired dispersion characteristics [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”