Segmentation and the origin of regional diversity in the vertebrate central nervous system

Keynes, Roger J.; Lumsden, Andrew

doi:10.1016/0896-6273(90)90438-l

Cited by 196 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…These data demonstrate that premigratory crest contains species specific information. The region-specific patterning of the neural crest appears to relate in part to the fact that it arises from the neural tube, which possesses region-specific gene expression patterns (e.g., Keynes and Lumsden, 1990;Lumsden and Krumlauf, 1996;Lee et al, 1997;Mason, 1999, 2000;Shamin et al, 1999;Joyner et al, 2000;Mason et al, 2000;Gavalas et al, 2001;Martinez, 2001;Hildalgo-Sanchez et al, 2002;Trainor et al, 2002). Notably, in both mice and chick, the genes that appear to either signal or pattern regional specificity in the brain are expressed before neural crest leaves the neural plate.…”

Section: Neural Crest and Craniofacial Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial development in marsupial mammals: Developmental origins of evolutionary change

Smith

2006

Developmental Dynamics

102

119

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Biologists have long studied the evolutionary consequences of the differences in reproductive and life history strategies of marsupial and eutherian mammals. Over the past few decades, the impact of these strategies on the development of the marsupial embryo and neonate has received attention. In this review, the differences in development in the craniofacial region in marsupial and eutherian mammals will be discussed. The review will highlight differences at the organogenic and cellular levels, and discuss hypotheses for shifts in the expression of important regulatory genes. The major difference in the organogenic period is a whole-scale shift in the relative timing of central nervous system structures, in particular those of the forebrain, which are delayed in marsupials, relative to the structures of the oral-facial apparatus. Correlated with the delay in development of nervous system structures, the ossification of the bones of the neurocranium are delayed, while those of the face are accelerated. This study will also review work showing that the neural crest, which provides much of the cellular material to the facial skeleton and may also carry important patterning information, is notably accelerated in its development in marsupials. Potential consequences of these observations for hypotheses on constraint, evolutionary integration, and the existence of developmental modules is discussed. Finally, the implications of these results for hypotheses on the genetic modulation of craniofacial patterning are presented.

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Section: Neural Crest and Craniofacial Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial development in marsupial mammals: Developmental origins of evolutionary change

Smith

2006

Developmental Dynamics

102

119

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“…In addition to compartment boundary restrictions in the hindbrain (Fraser et al, 1990;Guthrie and Lumsden, 19911, each compartment, or rhombomere, exhibits a characteristic pattern of gene expression and early cell differentiation (reviewed by Wilkinson, 1989;Wilkinson et al, 1989;Lumsden, 1990;Wilkinson and Krumlauf, 1990;Keynes and Lumsden, 1990). In both mouse and chick embryos, for instance, Hox-2.9 mRNA is expressed specifically in rhombomere 4 (Murphy et al, 1989;Wilkinson et al, 1989;Maden et al, 1991).…”

Section: Ventral Midline (Floor Plate)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression patterns of engrailed‐like proteins in the chick embryo

Gardner

Barald

1992

Developmental Dynamics

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The protein products of both of the identified chick engrailed-like (En) genes, chick En-1 and chick En-2, are localized in cells of the developing brain, mandibular arch, spinal cord, dermatome, and ventral limb bud ectoderm, as demonstrated by labeling with the polyclonal antiserum cuEnhb-1 developed by Davis et al. (Development 111:281-298, 1991). A subpopulation of cephalic neural crest cells is also En-protein-positive. The monoclonal antibody 409 recognizes the chick En-2 gene product exclusively (Patel et al.: Cell 58:955-968, 1989;Davis et al., 1991) and colocalizes with chick En-2 mRNA in the developing head region of the chick embryo as shown by in situ hybridization (Gardner et al.: J. Neurosci. Res. 21:426-437,1988). In the present study we examine the pattern of d n h b -1 and 409 localization throughout the chick embryo from the first appearance of antibody (Abbpositive cells at stage 8 (Hamburger and Hamilton: J. Morphol. 88:49-92, 1951) through stage 28 (1-5.5 days). We compare the localization patterns of the two Abs to each other, as well as to the localization of the monoclonal Ab, HNK-1, which recognizes many neural crest cells, using double-and triple-label fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Most En proteinpositive cells in the path of neural crest cell migration are not HNK-1 positive. In detailed examination of d n h b -1 and 409 localization, we find previously undetected patterns of En protein localization in the prechordal plate, hindbrain, myotome, ventral body-wall mesoderm, and extraembryonic membranes. Based upon these observations we propose: 1) that En expression in the mesoderm may be induced through interaction with En expressing cells in the neuroectoderm; 2) that En expression in the head mesenchyme is associated with somitomere 4; and 3) that En expression may be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformations.Q 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…Although regional identities emerging within the telencephalon are guided by region-specific transcription factors [6][7][8] , regional patterning signals have not been considered to instruct vascular development. It seemed unlikely to us that CNS angiogenesis would evolve to support the highly regulated CNS development without intrinsic regulation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Compartment-specific transcription factors orchestrate angiogenesis gradients in the embryonic brain

et al. 2008

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Prevailing notions of cerebral vascularization imply that blood vessels sprout passively into the brain parenchyma from pial vascular plexuses to meet metabolic needs of growing neuronal populations. Endothelial cells, building blocks of blood vessels, are thought to be homogeneous in the brain with respect to their origins, gene expression patterns and developmental mechanisms. These current notions that cerebral angiogenesis is regulated by local environmental signals contrast with current models of cell-autonomous regulation of neuronal development. Here we demonstrate that telencephalic angiogenesis in mice progresses in an orderly, ventral-to-dorsal gradient regulated by compartment-specific homeobox transcription factors. Our data offer new perspectives on intrinsic regulation of angiogenesis in the embryonic telencephalon, call for a revision of the current models of telencephalic angiogenesis and support novel roles for endothelial cells in brain development.Brain development is supported by concomitant development of brain vasculature. However, blood vessels or endothelial cells are generally considered to lack molecular diversity in the embryonic or mature CNS 1,2 . Currently, it is believed that once the perineural plexuses on the pial surface (pial vessels) surrounding the neural tube are produced, cerebral vasculature develops further by passive vessel sprouting into the brain parenchyma in response to increased tissue mass and oxygen demand 1,2 . Although classical studies identified a ventral to dorsal temporal developmental angiogenesis gradient in the telencephalon 3 , the sequence of angiogenesis was considered to merely shadow neurogenesis and neuronal maturation. Similarly, although shared mechanisms regulating vascular and neuronal development have been recognized 4 , the canonical principles of neuronal development are not seen as applicable to CNS angiogenesis.

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Segmentation and the origin of regional diversity in the vertebrate central nervous system

Cited by 196 publications

References 70 publications

Craniofacial development in marsupial mammals: Developmental origins of evolutionary change

Craniofacial development in marsupial mammals: Developmental origins of evolutionary change

Expression patterns of engrailed‐like proteins in the chick embryo

Compartment-specific transcription factors orchestrate angiogenesis gradients in the embryonic brain

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