Seepage meters and Bernoulli’s revenge

Shinn, Eugene A.; Reich, Christopher D.; Hickey, T. Don

doi:10.1007/bf02696056

Cited by 83 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…All seepage meter measurements show only flow from the sediment to the water column even though processes likely responsible for driving exchange across the sediment-water interface (e.g., tidal pumping, wave pumping, seasonal variations of the water table, or bioirrigation) should cause flow both into and out of the sediment. Although some of the outflow may result from artifacts inherent in the seepage meter design (e.g., Shinn et al 2002;Cable et al unpubl. data), we use the seepage meter measurements as a qualitative measure of seepage rates and water exchange across the sediment-water interface to compare with other estimates of exchange.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and chemical evidence for rapid water exchange across the sediment-water interface by bioirrigation in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida

et al. 2006

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Time-series measurements of chloride (Cl 2 ) concentrations in lagoon and pore waters of an estuary on the east coast of Florida (Indian River Lagoon) demonstrate exchange of lagoon surface water to depths of ,40 cm in the sediment in less than 46 h. The exchange rate may be as fast as 150 cm d 21 based on models of the decay in the amplitude of diurnal temperature variations and the time lag of maxima and minima of the temperature variations at depths of 15 and 30 cm below the sediment-water interface. These flow rates indicate a minimum residence time of 0.33 d for the pore water. Considering the small tides and waves, rate of the exchange, and large number of bioturbating organisms in the Indian River Lagoon, the exchange of water is driven largely by bioirrigation. The exchange provides a greater flux of excess radon-222 from the sediment to the lagoon than would occur from diffusion alone. The exchange also pumps oxygenated water into the sediments, thereby enhancing organic carbon remineralization and the flux of nitrogen from sediments to the lagoon water. High rates of exchange across the sediment-water interface indicate that marine sources are volumetrically more important than terrestrial sources to submarine groundwater discharge in the permeable sediments of this estuary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and chemical evidence for rapid water exchange across the sediment-water interface by bioirrigation in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida

et al. 2006

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“…As discussed in numerous articles, the volumetric measurement of a seepage rate using a bag on the end of a seepage housing is prone to artifacts (Shaw and Prepas 1989;Belanger and Montgomery 1992;Isiorho and Meyer 1999;Shinn et al 2002). Specifically, bag-derived flow rates may be biased by constriction of flow by the bag and/or by wave-induced motion of the water inside the bag.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An automated dye‐dilution based seepage meter for the time‐series measurement of submarine groundwater discharge

Sholkovitz

Herbold

Charette

2003

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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We designed an automated seepage meter that can detect and quantify both groundwater outflow and seawater infiltration. Based on a dye‐dilution technique, this instrument provides high‐resolution time‐series data for submarine groundwater discharge to the coastal zone. The dye‐dilution method involves two repeatable steps: (1) the timed injection of a water‐soluble dye into a “dye‐mixing chamber” mounted in series with a seepage chamber and (2) the subsequent timed measurements of the absorbance of the dyed solution. The rate at which the dyed solution is diluted by the inflow or outflow of water is directly proportional to the flow rate moving through the surface area of the seepage housing. In addition to describing the instrument's components and the operating principle, we provide examples of laboratory flow calibrations and field deployments. As indicated by two sets of time‐series studies, this instrument has performed reliably in field tests at Waquoit Bay (Cape Cod, Massachusetts) and Shelter Island (Long Island, New York). The instrument has yielded hydrologically consistent flow rates and has revealed major and subtle connections between tidal stage and the rate and direction of submarine groundwater discharge.

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“…Rates of contaminated groundwater flow to nearshore waters have been measured from injection wells and septic systems (Lapointe and Clark 1992;Shinn, Reese, and Reich 1994;Paul et al 1995). Factors that influence groundwater flow include the difference in water level between Florida Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, daily tidal cycles, and meteorology ; but see Shinn, Reich, and Hickey 2002). Additional evidence for reduced water quality stems from patterns of groundwater discharge detected using chemical tracers (Corbett et al 1999) and the presence of over 20,000 septic systems, some 2000 remaining cesspits, and approximately 5000 shallow-water injection wells located in porous limestones throughout the Keys (Shinn 1996;Kruczynski and McManus 2002).…”

Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%