Seeking forgiveness: Factor structure, and relationships with personality and forgivingness

Seeking Forgiveness: Factor Structure in Samples from Latin America, Africa, Asia and Southern Europe

“…Previously, this three-factor structure has only been found in two Western European samples of adults from various ages (Chiaramello et al, 2008) and in one Northern American sample of students (Basset et al, 2006). The present study examined whether this three-factor structure also holds in samples from other parts of the world: Latin America (Brazil), Africa (Angola and Mozambique), Asia (Indonesia), and Southern Europe (Portugal).…”

“…In the study by Chiaramello et al (2008), the first factor was called inability in seeking forgiveness (ISF, e.g., I don't feel able to seek forgiveness even when I think that I am entirely responsible for the harm done). This factor was close to the "hardness of heart" factor suggested in Basset et al (2006).…”

Conceptualizing Forgiveness, Granting Forgiveness, and Seeking Forgiveness: A Turkish-French Comparison

“…The fourth hypothesis was that between the FQ and the DSFQ, the strongest associations observed in previous studies (Chiaramello et al, 2008), namely between lasting resentment and incapacity at seeking forgiveness, between both sensitivity to circumstances factors, and between Unconditional granting of forgiveness and unconditional seeking of forgiveness would be observed.…”

“…Their mean age was 23.21 years (SD = 3.88). For the cross country comparison the data were taken from Ballester et al (2004), and from Chiaramello et al (2008). The mean age of the comparison samples was 35.55 (SD = 14.51), and the percentage of females was 66% (N = 216).…”

“…The model tested was the three-factor correlated model suggested by Chiaramello et al (2008). The results are shown in As a significant effect was observed overall, three separate ANCOVAs were conducted, one for each of the dependant variable.…”