“…With the subsequent evolution of genetic redundancies (Nowak et al, 1997, Pickett and Meeks-Wagner, 1995, Tautz, 1992, Wagner, 1996, Wilkins, 1997 and other mechanisms supporting reliability of developmental outcome (e.g., Rutherford and Lindquist, 1998), a closer linkage between genetic change and phenotypic change was established. In particular, with evolution under selective criteria favoring the maintenance of morphological phenotype in the face of environmental or metabolic variability (see Baldwin, 1896, Schmalhausen, 1949, Waddington, 1942, Riedl, 1978, SalazarCiudad et al, 2001a organisms would come to be characterized by a closer mapping of genotype to phenotype, giving rise to the familiar Mendelian world.…”