Seeds for Organic Agriculture: Development of Participatory Plant Breeding and Farmers’ Networks in France

Chable, Véronique; Dawson, Julie; Bocci, Riccardo; Goldringer, Isabelle

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7927-3_21

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This breeding approach has produced many successful pedigree line varieties for high-input production systems. However, low input and organic agriculture has suffered from a lack of varieties adapted to the environmental variability on farms (Wolfe et al, 2008;Lammerts van Bueren et al, 2010;Chable et al, 2014). In organic or low input conditions, the variability of the environment often has a more pronounced influence on crop yield than in conventional conditions (Wolfe et al, 2008;Newton et al, 2010), leading to a lack of stability in crop performance (Soliman and Allard, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of performance and stability among composite cross populations, variety mixtures and pure lines of winter wheat in organic and conventional cropping systems

Döring

Annicchiarico

Clarke

et al. 2015

Field Crops Research

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of performance and stability among composite cross populations, variety mixtures and pure lines of winter wheat in organic and conventional cropping systems

Döring

Annicchiarico

Clarke

et al. 2015

Field Crops Research

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“…The authors give support to this argument by conducting a qualitative investigation of an initiative in France that has set up a collective breeding program. Another study [20] analyzed participatory plant breeding in France and showed that it is suited to organic farming in France.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peasant Seeds in France: Fostering A More Resilient Agriculture

2019

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The profitability of the French agricultural sector has fallen over the last two decades, leading to the suggestion of a "rupture in technical progress". Additionally, the intellectual property regime in force has contributed to the erosion of the cultivated biodiversity, limiting plant resiliency to climate change and other hazards. In the face of these challenges, agroecological farming practices are a viable alternative. This paper investigates the positive and negative aspects associated with the development of alternative seed procurement networks in France. The findings indicate that peasant seed networks can effectively contribute to overcoming many of the structural blockages with which French agriculture is confronted, but that yield concerns; higher information and supervisory costs, as well as the unfavourable legislative context, constitute key challenges to their development. However, these could be partially or totally eliminated if adequate policies are implemented. In this regard, the recommendations are to: (i) strengthen the dialogue with farmers in the shaping of policies related to the use of plant genetic resources; (ii) abrogate the "obligatory voluntary contribution" on farm-saved seeds; (iii) diversify the collection of Centres for Biological Resources, increase their number, and democratize their access; (iv) harmonize the French and European regime on intellectual property; and (v) encourage participatory research.

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“…In addition, several current breeding methods do not respect the principles of OA. Participatory plant breeding programs aim to overcome these limitations by initiating collaborations between organic farmers, their organizations, and researchers (Chable et al, 2014). Another approach is using new breeding techniques for rewilding, a process involving the reintroduction of properties from the wild relatives of crops, as a method to close the productivity gap between conventional and organic farming practices (Andersen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Organic Urban Agricultural Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wide diversity among organic farming systems and among individual farms, in particular, requires a fine-grained adaptation of the crop plants (and animals) used on individual farms (Wolfe et al, 2008). The lack of seeds and varieties suited to OA has been an issue for a long time (Chable et al, 2014). In addition, several current breeding methods do not respect the principles of OA.…”

Section: Organic Urban Agricultural Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Urban Agriculture

Lorenz

2015

Soil Science

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Urban agriculture (UA) has a long tradition in many countries worldwide, is actively engaging about 800 million people, and is now increasingly considered by urban planning and land-use personnel. Urban cropland, in particular, covers more than 67 Mha or more than 5% of the total global cropland area. Urban agriculture practices have many benefits and, in particular, may contribute to food security of urban dwellers by providing vegetables and fruits. However, growing food in urban ecosystems and, especially, on degraded urban soils is challenging, and research on UA in the past has focused on the social sciences. Although the number of studies on urban soils has increased strongly during the last two decades, much work needs to be done as many urban areas have been neglected in previous studies. The needs and benefits of UA and organic agriculture such as building up natural resources through biological mechanism and recycling of wastes, keeping the nutrients cycle within the system, strengthening communities, and improving human capacity are interconnected. Thus, more research is needed on how to maintain or enhance urban soil fertility by soil and land-use management practices. This knowledge must be disseminated among urban gardeners and farmers for improving UA and organic UA systems. Transdisciplinary approaches involving practitioners, urban dwellers, planners, policy makers, and, especially, soil scientists are needed to enhance UA production.

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Seeds for Organic Agriculture: Development of Participatory Plant Breeding and Farmers’ Networks in France

Cited by 25 publications

References 45 publications

Comparative analysis of performance and stability among composite cross populations, variety mixtures and pure lines of winter wheat in organic and conventional cropping systems

Comparative analysis of performance and stability among composite cross populations, variety mixtures and pure lines of winter wheat in organic and conventional cropping systems

Peasant Seeds in France: Fostering A More Resilient Agriculture

Organic Urban Agriculture

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