Seeds’ Early Traits as Predictors of Performance in Direct Seeding Restoration

Abstract

Direct seeding is a promising and low-cost restoration technique. To avoid wasting seeds, the selection of species with high field performance in their establishment can increase efficiency. We aimed to identify groups of forest species with the ability for direct seeding in a seasonal forest, investigate taxonomic similarity effects on species behavior regarding seeds’ and seedlings’ early functional traits, and classify species based on their probability of success by direct seeding. A planting system of 38 seasonal forest species was implemented at a density of 250,000 seeds ha−1. The emergence was monitored over 720 days, and all individuals were identified, tagged, counted, and measured for height (H) and diameter at collar height (DCH). We evaluated early traits of seed vigor (field seed emergence), seedling performance, probability of success, and species autoecology. Species’ ability for direct seeding was more related to the level of species phylogeny than to their family. Pioneer and non-pioneer species demonstrated similar abilities for direct seeding associated with field emergence, seedling abundance, and persistence. Field seed emergence traits influenced species’ ability for direct seeding more than seedling survival or growth. Species’ ability for direct seeding was related to early seed vigor traits expressed by field seed emergence and was independent of their density.

Seed sourcing for climate‐resilient grasslands: The role of seed source diversity during early restoration establishment

“…Thus, monitoring early establishment of seeded relative to non‐seeded species may be important to predicting how long‐term plant community composition may change. Particularly as early benchmarks of seeded species' emergence may provide an indication of overall restoration success (Brudvig & Catano, 2021; Gonzalez et al., 2013; Piotrowski et al., 2023). Despite the potential importance of early establishment to long‐term restoration success, this phase is often overlooked in favor of evaluating restorations after they have been established for several years.…”