Seedling morphology in applied genetics and plant breeding

Haskell, Gordon

doi:10.1007/bf02860811

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…More generally, the production of an abnormal number of cotyledons has been referred to as pleiocotyly. Early research on pleiocotyly was focused on the potential use of abnormal cotyledons as a genetic marker and other uses in crop breeding (Haskell, 1961; Rajora & Zsuffa, 1986). Several previous experiments have examined the genetic basis of pleiocotyly (Holthorp, 1944; Haskell, 1949, 1962; Harrison, 1964; Dessureaux, 1967; Rajora & Zsuffa, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of constraints: the contributions of selection and genetic variance to the maintenance of cotyledon number in wild radish

Conner

Agrawal

2005

J of Evolutionary Biology

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The evolutionary mechanisms underlying the maintenance of invariant traits are poorly understood, partly because the lack of variance makes these mechanisms difficult to study. Although the number of cotyledons that plant species produce is highly canalized, populations of plants frequently contain individuals with abnormal cotyledon numbers. In a garden study with 1857 wild radish plants from 75 paternal half‐sibling families, 89 (almost 5%) had cotyledon numbers less or greater than two. We found evidence for direct selection on cotyledon number, but no evidence for additive genetic variation for cotyledon number. In spite of the very large sample size, our power to detect variation and selection was hampered by the small number of individuals (10) producing more than two cotyledons. Thus, our results provide support for both a lack of genetic variation and selection as reasons for the current lack of variation in wild radish cotyledon number.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of constraints: the contributions of selection and genetic variance to the maintenance of cotyledon number in wild radish

Conner

Agrawal

2005

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…The seedling progenies exhibited a broad range of variation both in the number of glands on the cotyledons and the number of thorns on the canes. A direct relationship between glabrous cotyledons and thornless canes has been noted in Rubus by many workers (4,5,6,7,8). However, when thornless segregates are omitted from the calculations, correlation coefficients are greatly reduced and most are not significant (Table 1).…”

Section: Aterials and M Ethods R Esults And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Gene Dose Effects on Cane Thorn Density and Cotyledonary Gland Number in Tetraploid Blackberries1

Pavlis

Moore

1981

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Fourteen tetraploid seedling populations of blackberry (Rubus sp.), representing quadruplex, (TTTT), triplex (TTTt), duplex (TTtt), simplex (Tttt), and nulliplex (tttt) genotypes for the major gene conferring thorniness, were evaluated for segregation of cane thorn density and cotyledonary gland number. Comparisons of seedling distribution curves, means and variances of segregating and non-segregating populations did not show a gene dose effect on gland and thorn occurrence. Inheritance of cotyledonary glands and cane thorns in blackberry was qualitative with the density of glands and thorns apparently controlled by several modifying genes.

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“…Despite this, literature also exists on correlated responses to tricotyly selection [79,114,115] and associations between cotyledons and other traits (e.g., [22,98,116,117]). Based on the theory of correlated responses to polygenic selection, Haskell [118] promoted the use of seedling morphologies such as polycotyly as a tool to facilitate plant breeding, particularly forest tree breeding. For example, the cotyledon number was used to verify hybrids between noble fir and California red fir [119] and the hybrid parentages of Douglas fir seedlings [89].…”

Section: Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is existing literature on the exploration of polycotyly use in plant breeding [ 22 , 115 , 118 , 123 , 124 ], largely on the development of polycot genetic markers and tricot germplasms. Rajora and Zsuffa [ 125 ] explored the potential of using atypical Populus seedlings in poplar breeding and found that tricotylous seedlings had more branches and thicker stems than dicotyledonous seedlings and were also hardier in winter.…”

Section: Advances In Polycotyly Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycotyly: How Little Do We Know?

2024

Plants

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Polycotyly, an interesting characteristic of seed-bearing dicotyledonous plants with more than two cotyledons, represents one of the least explored plant characters for utilization, even though cotyledon number was used to classify flowering plants in 1682. Gymnosperm and angiosperm species are generally known to have one or two cotyledons, but scattered reports exist on irregular cotyledon numbers in many plant species, and little is known about the extent of polycotyly in plant taxa. Here, we attempt to update the documentation of reports on polycotyly in plant species and highlight some lines of research for a better understanding of polycotyly. This effort revealed 342 angiosperm species of 237 genera in 80 (out of 416) families and 160 gymnosperm species of 26 genera in 6 (out of 12) families with reported or cited polycotyly. The most advanced research included the molecular-based inference of the phylogeny of flowering plants, showing a significant departure from the cotyledon-based classification of angiosperm plants, and the application of genetic cotyledon mutants as tools to clone and characterize the genes regulating cotyledon development. However, there were no reports on breeding lines with a 100% frequency of polycotyly. Research is needed to discover plant species with polycotyly and to explore the nature, development, genetics, evolution, and potential use of polycotyly.

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Seedling morphology in applied genetics and plant breeding

Cited by 15 publications

References 64 publications

Mechanisms of constraints: the contributions of selection and genetic variance to the maintenance of cotyledon number in wild radish

Mechanisms of constraints: the contributions of selection and genetic variance to the maintenance of cotyledon number in wild radish

Gene Dose Effects on Cane Thorn Density and Cotyledonary Gland Number in Tetraploid Blackberries1

Polycotyly: How Little Do We Know?

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