Seedling Emergence from Seed Banks in Ludwigia hexapetala-Invaded Wetlands: Implications for Restoration

Grewell, Brenda J.; Gillard, Morgane; Futrell, Caryn J.; Castillo, Jesús M.

doi:10.3390/plants8110451

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…In addition, sexual propagules allow populations of invasive Ludwigia spp. to grow back from seed banks after a drawdown (Grewell et al., 2019). Thus, sexual and asexual propagules may be complementary for the species spread and persistence, independently of their growth strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current management options of invasive Ludwigia species consist mainly of biomass removal efforts of extant vegetation as addressed by Grewell et al. (2019). Management must consider the existence of seed banks and target the removal of biomass before the filling of seed capsules to limit new seed dispersal, coupled to detection strategies of new populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed source regions drive fitness differences in invasive macrophytes

Gillard

Drenovsky

Thiébaut

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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Premise Worldwide, ecosystems are threatened by global changes, including biological invasions. Invasive species arriving in novel environments experience new climatic conditions that can affect their successful establishment. Determining the response of functional traits and fitness components of invasive populations from contrasting environments can provide a useful framework to assess species responses to climate change and the variability of these responses among source populations. Much research on macrophytes has focused on establishment from clonal fragments; however, colonization from sexual propagules has rarely been studied. Our objective was to compare trait responses of plants generated from sexual propagules sourced from three climatic regions but grown under common environmental conditions, using L. peploides subsp. montevidensis as a model taxon. Methods We grew seedlings to reproductive stage in experimental mesocosms under a mediterranean California (MCA) climate from seeds collected in oceanic France (OFR), mediterranean France (MFR), and MCA. Results Seed source region was a major factor influencing differences among invasive plants recruiting from sexual propagules of L. peploides subsp. montevidensis. Trait responses of young individual recruits from MCA and OFR, sourced from geographically distant and climatically distinct source regions, were the most different. The MCA individuals accumulated more biomass, flowered earlier, and had higher leaf N concentrations than the OFR plants. Those from MFR had intermediate profiles. Conclusions By showing that the closer a seedling is from its parental climate, the better it performs, this study provides new insights to the understanding of colonization of invasive plant species and informs its management under novel and changing environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed source regions drive fitness differences in invasive macrophytes

Gillard

Drenovsky

Thiébaut

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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“…Also, many wetlands have diverse seed banks, and these can be sources for plant recovery depending on the length of wetland drainage, intervening land-use history, extent of excavation, and on-going effects of climate change (Wienhold and van der Valk, 1989;Middleton, 2003;Walck et al, 2011;McLane et al, 2012;Dawson et al, 2017Dawson et al, , 2020Winikoff et al, 2020). A cursory site assessment for remnant vegetation and a straightforward seed bank assay can indicate whether these seed sources are sufficient to make seeding unnecessary (Grewell et al, 2019;Sloey and Hester, 2019). However, seed bank composition and density can be spatially and temporally variable so a welldesigned sampling approach is needed to ensure the seed bank assay is sufficiently informative (Leck and Brock, 2000;Orth et al, 2000;Leck and Schütz, 2005).…”

Section: Site and Landscape Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Need to Seed? Ecological, Genetic, and Evolutionary Keys to Seed-Based Wetland Restoration

Kettenring

Tarsa

2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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As we approach the Decade of Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), there is renewed focus on improving wetland restoration practices to reestablish the habitat and climate mitigation functions and services that wetlands provide. A first step in restoring these functions and services is to reestablish the native vegetation structure and composition through strategic seed-based approaches. These approaches should be driven by ecological, genetic, and evolutionary principles, along with consideration for economics, logistics, and other social constraints. Effective seed-based approaches must consider the chosen species, seed sourcing, dormancy break and germination requirements, seed enhancement technologies, potential invaders, seeding densities, and long-term monitoring. Choice of species should reflect historical plant communities and future environmental conditions, species that support functional goals including invasion resistance, and seed availability constraints. Furthermore, seeds should be sourced to ensure ample genetic diversity to support multifunctionality and evolutionary capacity while also considering the broad natural dispersal of many wetland species. The decision to collect wild seeds or purchase seeds will also impact species choice and genetic diversity, which can have cascading effects for functional goals. To ensure seedling establishment, seed dormancy should be addressed through dormancy breaking treatments and the potentially narrow germination requirements of some species will require targeted sowing timing and location to align with safe sites. Other seed enhancements such as priming and coatings are poorly developed for wetland restoration and their potential for improving establishment is unknown. Because wetlands are highly invasion prone, potential invaders and their legacies should be addressed. Seeding densities should strike a balance between outcompeting invaders and preserving valuable seed resources. Invader control and long-term monitoring is key to improving revegetation and restoration. Here, we review scientific advances to improve revegetation outcomes, and provide methods and recommendations to help achieve the desired goals. Gaps in knowledge about seed-based wetland restoration currently exist, however, and untested practices will certainly increase risks in future efforts. These efforts can be used to better understand the ecological, genetic, and evolutionary processes related to wetland seeds, which will bring us one step closer to seed-based restoration of functions and services needed for human and ecological communities.

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“…Indeed, floating seeds present a greater dispersal distance than clonal fragments, over 1000km using water flow (Ruaux et al, 2009) and transport by vertebrates (García-Álvarez et al, 2015). The presence and persistence of L.g.hexapetala sexual seeds in seed banks (Grewell, Gillard, Futrell, & Castillo, 2019) highlight the importance of considering sexual reproduction in the resilience of this species when devising management plans. We roughly quantified that seed production in capsules was about 50000 seeds/m 2 .…”

Section: Fruitfulness and Floral Morphs Association In Worldwide Popumentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-incompatibility limits sexual reproduction rather than environmental conditions in an invasive aquatic plant

Lemus¹,

Bozec²,

Harang³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SummaryFruitfulness and fertility are important components of sexual reproductive success in plants, and often depends on environmental conditions and reproductive systems. For invasive plants, fruitfulness and fertility control their ecological success and adaptation in invaded ecosystems. We studied which factors bring about fruitfulness and fertility in invasive populations of the aquatic plant Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala.We analysed fruitfulness and fertility of 37 populations growing under variable climatic conditions in Western Europe, and sub-sampled fruitful and fruitless populations grown in common controlled conditions. We carried out self- and cross-pollinations and measured their floral biometrics.Environmental conditions, and temperature in particular, did not affect fruitfulness and fertility in-situ or in common controlled environments. Hand-pollinations resulted in fruit production by individuals sampled from fruitless populations when pollen came from fruitful populations, and by individuals sampled from fruitful populations whatever the origin of pollen. Floral biometrics evidenced the existence of two floral morphs that overlapped with fruitfulness, and individual incompatibility.Our results rebutted the hypothesis that environmental conditions control fruitfulness and fertility in these invasive populations. We instead found that fruit and seed production were controlled by a reproductive system involving a self-incompatible approach herkogamous morph and a self-compatible reverse herkogamous morph. We assessed the floral morphs distribution worldwide of fruitless and fruitful native and invasive populations that matched our results at larger scale. Our results may constitute the first evidence of a possible heteromorphic self-incompatible system in Ludwigia populations and in Onagraceae phylogeny. It calls for further investigations on reproductive systems in this plant family. Finally, the observation that the self-incompatible morph seemed to be the world most invasive morph in this species tackles our understanding of biological and ecological conditions for invasiveness.Synthesis. Our study showed that fruitfulness and fertility in the aquatic invasive plant, Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala depend on a self-incompatibility system coinciding with two floral morphs, rather than environmental conditions and limitations. These new explanations on the sexual success of Ludwigia invasive populations will help defining new predictions about its worldwide spreads and ecological success, and will help reappraising future management plans.

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Seedling Emergence from Seed Banks in Ludwigia hexapetala-Invaded Wetlands: Implications for Restoration

Cited by 18 publications

References 74 publications

Seed source regions drive fitness differences in invasive macrophytes

Seed source regions drive fitness differences in invasive macrophytes

Need to Seed? Ecological, Genetic, and Evolutionary Keys to Seed-Based Wetland Restoration

Self-incompatibility limits sexual reproduction rather than environmental conditions in an invasive aquatic plant

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