Seeding plants for long-term multiple ecosystem service goals

Eastburn, Danny J.; Roche, Leslie M.; Doran, Morgan; Blake, Philip R.; Bouril, Chip S.; Gamble, George; Gornish, Elise S.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.061

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In other cases, exotics are indicated as viable solutions in contexts of low resource availability or significant disturbance [78][79][80][81], which are expected to increase with climate change [30]. Particularly in urban environments, exotics are presented as viable substitutes for natives that cannot cope with stressors or as complementary elements in mixed communities [21,45,82,83].…”

Section: Ecological Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Native or Exotic: A Bibliographical Review of the Debate on Ecological Science Methodologies: Valuable Lessons for Urban Green Space Design

Carvalho

Raposo

Gomes

et al. 2022

Land

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Knowledge from ecological sciences is an important reference for landscape design as Urban Green Spaces (UGS) play a critical role in the ecological protection of cities. There is an ongoing debate among ecologists on the value of exotic vegetation to ecosystem resilience and integrity, with authors arguing that in order for ecosystems to survive in future climates, exotic species with similar conditions in their current range must be considered. Others deem biodiversity vital for ecosystem functions and services, stating that most biodiversity losses are man-induced and should be addressed through the enhancement of native communities. Through a literature review, we confronted the arguments used in this debate, with the aim of conducting a comprehensive analysis of the potential of exotic and native vegetation in different aspects of the vegetation’s performance. The outcomes are important for the assessment of vegetation assemblages within UGS projects. Despite the strong arguments regarding their performative and adaptive capacity, we conclude that exotics pose significant ecological risks and have multiple negative impacts on ecosystem processes. Natives not only present high adaptive capacity, but also provide additional benefits for biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, and for people. In a broader framework, the literature demonstrates a preference for the use of native species in most situations.

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Section: Ecological Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Native or Exotic: A Bibliographical Review of the Debate on Ecological Science Methodologies: Valuable Lessons for Urban Green Space Design

Carvalho

Raposo

Gomes

et al. 2022

Land

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“…This grazing management intervention could increase the multiple ecosystem services provisioning on this rangeland while maintaining productivity by converting annual grasses to perennial grassland. However, as Eastburn et al (2018) find, the cost and long‐term outcome uncertainty of establishing perennial grassland is an impediment to adopting these practices and potentially low resistance to reinvasion by exotics makes these vegetation types vulnerable to conversion back to lower states of ecosystem service provisioning. However, as interest and support for building soil health and providing multiple ecosystem services on rangelands increase and climate uncertainty creates increased exposure to risk, the cost‐to‐benefit analysis of managing for more heterogenous landscapes may shift to where adaptive management practices, such as maintaining or implementing a mosaic of vegetation types, are considered less risky (Hodbod et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, while the Grass did have lower amounts of C stored, it must be noted that in fire-prone areas, such as California, grasslands have been shown to be more resilient in their ability to store carbon at the ecosystem level compared to woody habitats since the majority of their carbon is stored belowground (Biggs & Huntsinger, 2021). To maintain (if not increase) grazable lands, reduce fire risk and the resulting GHG while increasing C storage, expanding Perennial vegetation types could increase co-benefits and reduce risks, as well as minimize tradeoffs in productivity while still supplying ecosystem services beyond food provisioning (Eastburn et al, 2018).…”

Section: Carbon Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversified vegetation types on rangelands promote multiple soil‐based ecosystem services

Waterhouse,

Aburto,

Rees

et al. 2023

Land Degrad Dev

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Rangelands have the potential to be provisioners of ecosystem services, including livestock products, carbon storage and greenhouse gas regulation, water and nutrient cycling, wildlife habitat, and biodiversity. Due to their vast extent and landscape heterogeneity, the degree to which different ecological components of rangelands contribute to ecosystem services can be varied. Soils are the foundation of rangeland health and associated ecosystem services. While many studies have examined the effect of grazing intensity on rangeland ecosystem services, few studies have looked at the broader rangeland landscape and how managing varying vegetation types can influence soil‐based ecosystem services. In this study, a suite of physical, chemical, and biological soil health indicators were measured in various vegetation types found within a working cattle ranch, including coastal live oak woodlands, coastal scrublands, annual grassland, and restored native perennial grassland. Based on the measured soil health indicators, results from this study show scrubland significantly diverges from other vegetation types, having higher water infiltration and plant available water, carbon stocks, and a more diverse microbial community that drives more dynamic cycling of carbon and nitrogen. Strategically maintaining scrubland on unproductive, highly erosive slopes downgradient of highly productive grassland areas could maintain forage production while protecting water quality and increasing carbon storage. These results highlight the relevance of holistically evaluating rangeland operations to assess soil function and ecosystem services and the potential risks and co‐benefits of varying vegetation types. Ultimately, process‐based linkages described here may provide a working example of how to manage ranches as functional mosaics of strategically maintained vegetation types.

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“…One way to improve success is by seeding native species; ideally, new native plants will grow and occupy the space made available following invasive species removal, thus resisting secondary invasion or reinvasion (Kettenring & Adams, 2011; Nsikani et al, 2018; Pearson et al, 2016; Perry et al, 2010). A combination of weed management techniques has been often shown to increase success (Farrell & Gornish, 2019), in addition to achieving multiple management goals, such as increase in forage or improved water quality (Eastburn et al, 2018). Indeed, our meta‐analysis showed that simultaneous seeding of native plants prevented a reduction in native plant abundance as measured by biomass, density or cover (Figure S15b); seeding perhaps atoned for reductions in native plant abundance caused by C addition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of labile carbon addition to reduce fast‐growing, invasive non‐native plants: A review and meta‐analysis

Ossanna

Gornish

2022

Journal of Applied Ecology

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1. Elevated soil nitrogen (N) resulting from pollution, fertilizer and woody encroachment in grasslands enhances invasion pressures from weedy plant species. Sawdust, sucrose and other labile carbon (C) sources can be used as a soil amendment to combat the growth of fast-growing, invasive non-native plants by immobilizing soil N.2. Here, we present a systematic review of 83 publications, and a meta-analysis from 48 publications. Using hierarchical mixed-effects meta-analytic models, we synthesized 655 responses from native plants and 486 responses from nonnative weeds to quantify the overall effect of C addition. We explored the possible explanations for variation in effect, such as differences in study conditions and how C was applied. Carbon addition studies were almost exclusively reported from the UnitedStates, Australia and Canada (93%). The majority of papers (63%) did not include any cost information.4. Overall, C addition significantly decreased non-native weed abundance, but did not significantly affect native plant abundance. A C application rate of at least 210 g C m −2 year −1 (5 Mg sucrose ha −1 year −1 or 4.6 Mg sawdust ha −1 year −1 ) decreased non-native weed abundance, but a rate of 2110-3000 g C m −2 year −1 (50-71 Mg sucrose ha −1 year −1 or 46-65 Mg sawdust ha −1 year −1 ) was required to significantly increase native plant abundance. Carbon addition was most effective in the western USA and southeastern Australia, and when used to suppress non-native grasses (annual or perennial) and annual forbs. Simultaneous seeding of native species prevented an overall decrease in native plant abundance. Synthesis and application.When there is a nearby and inexpensive source of C available, we recommend C addition with simultaneous seeding of native species to control invasive non-native grasses and annual forbs in semi-arid and arid regions of the western USA and southeast Australia. In contrast to other weed control measures, especially herbicide, C addition does not significantly harm native perennial plants. Future studies should implement longer-term monitoring, establish larger plots and include cost analysis to improve guidance for land managers.

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Seeding plants for long-term multiple ecosystem service goals

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Native or Exotic: A Bibliographical Review of the Debate on Ecological Science Methodologies: Valuable Lessons for Urban Green Space Design

Native or Exotic: A Bibliographical Review of the Debate on Ecological Science Methodologies: Valuable Lessons for Urban Green Space Design

Diversified vegetation types on rangelands promote multiple soil‐based ecosystem services

Efficacy of labile carbon addition to reduce fast‐growing, invasive non‐native plants: A review and meta‐analysis

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