Seeded Watermelon and Weed Response to Halosulfuron Applied Preemergence and Postemergence

Macrae, Andrew; Culpepper, A. Stanley; Batts, Roger B.; Lewis, Kenneth L.

doi:10.1614/wt-06-180.1

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…& Nakai], and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in the United States (Brandenberger et al 2005;Dittmar et al 2008;Felix and Newberry 2012;Mullinix 2002 2005;MacRae et al 2007MacRae et al , 2008Webster and Culpepper 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Halosulfuron Reduced Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Tuber Production and Viability

Webster

Grey

2014

Weed sci.

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Weeds persist and cause economic losses in agricultural systems because they exploit underused portions of that system. Reducing the effect of weeds on agroecosystems begins with minimizing the number of propagules (e.g., seeds and tubers) that are produced and returned to the soil. Purple nutsedge is a problematic weed around the globe, persisting between growing seasons as tubers in the soil. Halosulfuron is an effective herbicide for controlling purple nutsedge foliage and is used in corn and several vegetable crops. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of various rates of halosulfuron on purple nutsedge tuber production. Single, presprouted purple nutsedge tubers were transplanted into outdoor microplots and treated after 6 wk of growth with six rates of halosulfuron (7 to 208 g ai ha−1) POST with a nontreated control (NTC). All shoots that had emerged at the time of application were marked with plastic rings; this allowed for classification of tubers at exhumation of (1) tubers attached to shoots that had emerged by the time of application, (2) tubers attached to shoots that emerged after application, and (3) tubers without an aerial shoot during the study. Seven weeks after application, the tubers in the microplots were exhumed and tubers were classified, quantified, and their ability to sprout was evaluated. In the NTC, there were 530 total tubers, with a log-logistic regression model describing the tuber population with increasing halosulfuron rate. The rate of halosulfuron that reduced total tuber population 50% (I50) was 8 g ha−1. In the NTC, 200 tubers were attached to shoots that emerged following halosulfuron application, and this class of tubers had anI50of 19 g ha−1. Viability of tubers with shoots that emerged following halosulfuron application was 28% at the 52 g ha−1halosulfuron, suggesting the action of the herbicide may have rendered the tuber nonviable after new shoots were produced. The final classification of tubers was those that did not have an aerial shoot during the study. These were tubers in which apical dominance suppressed shoot development or were likely the most-recent tubers to develop. Of the three classes, the tubers without shoots were the most numerous in the NTC, with 294 tubers and anI50of 1 g ha−1. Halosulfuron is an effective herbicide that not only controls purple nutsedge foliage but also reduces the number of new tubers produced and overall tuber viability. This could be an important component to reduce the long-term population density of the weed.

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confidence: 99%

Halosulfuron Reduced Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Tuber Production and Viability

Webster

Grey

2014

Weed sci.

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“…The large diversity of genetic background and seed size of cucurbitaceous crops results in a broad range of interspecific and intervarietal tolerance to soil-applied herbicides, as demonstrated by previous studies on pumpkin (Ferebee et al 2019), summer squash (Grey et al 2000b;Sosnoskie et al 2008;Trader et al 2008;Webster et al 2003), watermelon (Grey et al 2000a;Macrae et al 2008), cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) (Johnson and Mullinix 2005), or cucumber (Peachey et al 2012). However, the use of multiple, effective herbicide sites of action (SOAs) is one of several weed management strategies that could alleviate the rapid spread of resistance to herbicides (Norsworthy et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Weed control and crop tolerance with S-metolachlor in seeded summer squash and cucumber

2020

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Abstract Residual herbicides remain the primary tool for efficient weed control in cucurbit crops because of the lack of crop tolerance to many POST herbicide options. Field experiments were conducted in New Jersey in 2018 and 2019 to determine weed control efficacy and tolerance of direct-seeded cucumber ‘Python‘ and summer squash ’Gold Prize‘ to S-metolachlor applied at 0.7 or 1.4 kg ai ha-1 at planting (PRE) or when crops reached the 2nd to 3rd leaf stage (EPOST). Regardless of applied rate, S-metolachlor PRE or EPOST provided 96 to 100% control 3 wk after planting (WAP) of smooth pigweed, large crabgrass, and giant foxtail. S-metolachlor PRE significantly improved American black nightshade and carpetweed control 3 WAP with respect to bensulide, and smooth pigweed with respect to clomazone + ethalfluralin. Summer squash showed excellent tolerance, regardless of S-metolachlor rate or timing of application, with stunting not exceeding 17% 4 WAP and 3% 7 WAP at the 1.4 kg ha-1 rate. Marketable yield decreased by 15% with S-metolachlor PRE or POST at 1.4 kg ha-1 with respect to clomazone + ethalfluralin, a reduction not noted when comparing to bensulide or the handweeded control. Marketable fruit number per plant and individual fruit weight were not affected by Smetolachlor applications. Conversely, cucumber was more sensitive to S-metolachlor than summer squash with 30% seedling emergence reduction and 36 to 43% stunting 4 WAP when S-metolachlor was applied PRE at 1.4 kg ha-1. EPOST application resulted in 15 to 26% cucumber injury 1 wk after treatment (WAT). Marketable yield declined by 21 and 39% with the 0.7 and 1.4 kg ha-1 rates of S-metolachlor, respectively, compared to clomazone + ethalfluralin. Therefore, S-metolachlor may be a novel alternative to already labeled residual herbicides for summer squash but would cause unacceptable injury and yield reduction for supporting its registration on cucumber.

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“…Halosulfuron is registered for use in cucumber [21] and is an effective herbicide that controls purple nutsedge and also reduces the number of new tubers produced [23]. However, variability in nutsedge control has been noted in multiple vegetable crops in bare soil [57][58][59] and soil under LDPE mulches [37,60,61]. Control of purple nutsedge by the trio herbicides combinations was not effective in either experiment (Tables 9 and 10, Figures 9 and 10).…”

Section: Purple Nutsedge Control In Cucumbermentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of Non-fumigant Pesticides as Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Managing Weeds in Vegetables

Grey¹,

Webster²

2015

Herbicides, Agronomic Crops and Weed Biology

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The phase out of methyl bromide M"r challenged vegetable growers' abilities to control weeds in low-density polyethylene LDPE mulch production systems. The herbicides halosulfuron, fomesafen, S-metolachlor, and clomazone are needed as part of the pesticide program in LDPE vegetable production to control weeds including Cyperus species. Experiments were conducted during the spring and autumn of , evaluating Cyperus rotundus, bell pepper, and cucumber response to these herbicides applied to soil immediately prior to LDPE laying. Halosulfuron, fomesafen, S-metolachlor, and clomazone applied to soil under LDPE mulch did not negatively impact stand and growth of bell pepper in spring or autumn experiments, or cucumber in spring trials. However, there was significantly less growth in the autumn experiment as halosulfuron, S-metolachlor plus clomazone plus halosulfuron or fomesafen, reduced vine length. Cyperus rotundus suppression and control was achieved with halosulfuron alone and when used in combinations with S-metolachlor plus clomazone, and combinations of S-metolachlor plus clomazone plus fomesafen. These herbicides provided weed control that were comparable to M"r plus chloropicrin M"rR-C . Using herbicides for control and suppression of Cyperus rotundus in combination with safety for pepper and cucumber will allow growers to implement new control strategies into their vegetable production systems.

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Seeded Watermelon and Weed Response to Halosulfuron Applied Preemergence and Postemergence

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Halosulfuron Reduced Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Tuber Production and Viability

Halosulfuron Reduced Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Tuber Production and Viability

Weed control and crop tolerance with S-metolachlor in seeded summer squash and cucumber

Evaluation of Non-fumigant Pesticides as Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Managing Weeds in Vegetables

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