Seeded dispersion polymerization

Wang, Danni; Dimonie, Victoria L.; Sudol, E. David; El‐Aasser, M. S.

doi:10.1002/app.10593

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…And these particles were used for the applications such as coating, ink, dry toner, supports for chromatography, biomedical, and organic chiral reagent. 6,7 Different types of particles such as crosslinked particles, 8 -10 core/shell particles, 11 and monodisperse particles having functional groups, 12 have been prepared by this technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of polymerization and particle stabilization mechanism on dispersion copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene

Zhang

Huang

Jiang

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:Monodisperse highly crosslinked microspheres were prepared by dispersion copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in an ethanol/water medium using poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as the stabilizer. The locus of polymerization and growth of particles were investigated. The polymerization kinetics, average particle diameter (D n ), polydispersity index (PDI), and numbers of particles (N p ) were presented. When the initial styrene concentration is below 20%, the results indicate that the polymerization occurs in the particles, and the particles grow to their final size by the diffusion of monomer and oligomer into the existing particles. The polymerization rate can be described by the equationThe data from infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the graft stabilizer was present. The dissolution experiments show that the crosslinking reaction occurred irregularly in batch dispersion polymerization. Using the postaddition approach, up to 3% divenylbenzene (DVB) was successfully incorporated in the synthesis of coagulum-free substance, and monodisperse crosslinked 5 m microspheres with a superior resistance to solvents have been prepared.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of polymerization and particle stabilization mechanism on dispersion copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene

Zhang

Huang

Jiang

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The initial microballs of mPStCl were 1.54 (AE0. 19) mm in size, with mono-dispersion form, but the size increased to 2.8 (AE0.50) mm for m-PSt-g-PMOZ generated from m-PStCl. Aer the PMOZ chains were transformed into PEI, the size decreased to 2.2 (AE0.21) mm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Various polymerization methods such as emulsion polymerization, 10,11 dispersion polymerization, [12][13][14] precipitation polymerization, 15,16 suspension polymerization, 17,18 and seed dispersion polymerization 19 have been reported for the preparation of well-dened microgels. In the design of functional non-aqueous microgels via the abovementioned polymerization systems, styrene (St) and 4-chloromethylstyrene (CMS) are oen used as monomers for constructing the network backbone frame of the gels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-5 μm balls possessing forest-like poly(methyloxazoline)/polyethyleneimine side chains and templated silica microballs with unusual internal structures

Soma

Jin

2017

RSC Adv.

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Herein, sub-5 mm microballs, with unusual forest-like structures consisting of a polystyrene network and forest-like poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOZ) and/or linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) side chains, were synthesized by combining two isolated processes. The first process is the dispersion radical polymerization of 4-chloromethylstyrene (CMS) and divinylbenzene (DVB) in the presence of a stabilizer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), using 2,2 0 -azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as an initiator, which produces a poly(4-chloromethylstyrene) type microgel (m-PStCl). The second process is the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MOZ) using m-PStCl as a solid initiator, which produces poly (

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“…Seeded polymerization is one such approach where the functional polymers produced in the postpolymerization are adsorbed physically onto the seed polymer particles. [26][27][28] In this case, however, the combination of the seed polymer particles and the functional polymers produced in the postpolymerization appears to be strictly limited to avoid the nucleation of new polymer particles from the functional polymers in the postpolymerization process. Another method is to use functional macromonomers that can be copolymerized during the dispersion polymerization of conventional monomers, such as styrene, in which the functional polymer segments originated from the macromonomers segregate onto the surface of the polymer microspheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well-defined polymer microspheres formed by living dispersion polymerization: precisely functionalized crosslinked polymer microspheres from monomers possessing cumulated double bonds

et al. 2016

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The precise method for synthesizing well-defined polymer microspheres via π-allylnickel-catalyzed living coordination polymerization of allene derivatives under dispersion polymerization conditions is described. The π-allylnickel-catalyzed living coordination polymerization of allene derivatives such as phenoxyallene was carried out in protic solvents such as methanol in the presence of stabilizers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone to produce polymer microspheres with a narrowly dispersed diameter distribution (D w /D n ) at a high yield. For example, polymer microspheres with a number-average diameter (D n ) of 1.10 μm and D w /D n of 1.01 were obtained at a yield of 97%; these microspheres are composed of a polymer with a controlled molecular weight (M n = 11 700) and narrow molecular weight distribution (M w /M n = 1.06). The size of the resulting polymer microspheres proved to be affected by polymerization conditions such as the initial monomer concentrations, monomer structures, polymerization media and stabilizers. Unlike conventional dispersion polymerization systems, the use of a bifunctional monomer, 1,4-diallenoxybenzene, for this living dispersion polymerization successfully produced well-defined crosslinked living polymer microspheres that exhibited high solvent tolerance. The postpolymerization of functional allene monomers in the living dispersion polymerization was also successful, resulting in functionalized polymer microspheres that could be applied in solid-phase organic synthesis and solid-supported transition metal catalysis. NPG Asia Materials (2016) 8, e307; doi:10.1038/am.2016; published online 9 September 2016 INTRODUCTION Polymer microspheres are frequently applied in scientific and industrial fields such as coatings, electronics, biomedical engineering and organic synthesis. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Precision synthesis of polymer microspheres with a regulated size, a narrow size distribution and surface functionality is very important for the further development of polymer microspheres for advanced applications. The crosslinking of polymer microspheres is also likely to be very important for achieving sufficient reagent resistance, thermal stability and good mechanical properties. 7 Among the heterogeneous polymerization techniques, dispersion polymerization is an effective method for obtaining polymer microspheres with narrowly dispersed diameter distributions. 8,9 Dispersion polymerization is defined as a heterogeneous polymerization process that starts from a homogeneous solution of all the starting materials (i.e., the monomer, initiator and stabilizer), whereas the polymer microspheres precipitate out during the progress of the polymerization. 10 Accordingly, the polymerization should be carried out in good solvents for the monomers but poor solvents for the polymers being formed. To establish precision dispersion polymerization, the living anionic polymerization of styrene was studied in hydrocarbon solvents. [11][12][13] Although this technique successfully provides narrowly dispersed polym...

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Seeded dispersion polymerization

Cited by 50 publications

References 36 publications

Kinetics of polymerization and particle stabilization mechanism on dispersion copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene

Kinetics of polymerization and particle stabilization mechanism on dispersion copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene

Sub-5 μm balls possessing forest-like poly(methyloxazoline)/polyethyleneimine side chains and templated silica microballs with unusual internal structures

Well-defined polymer microspheres formed by living dispersion polymerization: precisely functionalized crosslinked polymer microspheres from monomers possessing cumulated double bonds

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