Seed treatment for management of Meloidogyne javanica in soybean

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the active ingredient abamectin, either in isolation or in combination with fungicides and insecticides formulated for the industrial seed treatment, on the population of Meloidogyne javanica, tested under greenhouse and in vitro conditions. In both tests, the combination of the following treatments was assessed: abamectin; thiamethoxam; fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. Water was used as control for the in vitro assay, whereas under greenhouse conditions, controls were inoculated and not inoculated with M. javanica. The tests were conducted in a completely randomized design with six (in vitro) and ten (greenhouse) replicates. For in vitro studies the effect on hatching, motility, and mortality of juveniles of M. javanica was evaluated. Under greenhouse conditions, the soybean 'BRS 133' seeds were treated, and at 15, 30, and 60 days after inoculation (DAI) with M. javanica, plant measurements were recorded. The penetration of second stage juveniles (J2) was also evaluated at 15 DAI. At 30 DAI, galls, egg masses, nematodes/g of root, and final population were evaluated. At 60 DAI, the final population of nematodes in the roots was quantified. The treatments containing abamectin were the most effective in diminishing the hatching of juveniles. All treatments had an effect on nematode motility when compared to the control, and in the treatment containing only abamectin, total juvenile mortality was observed. In greenhouse conditions, at 15 DAI, the treated soybean plants had the highest root mass and shoot length, differing statistically from the inoculated control. All treatments reduced the number of nematodes per gram of root, differing from the control. At 30 DAI, treatment efficiency was observed in reducing the final population of M. javanica, particularly the treatments using abamectin, and abamectin + thiamethoxam + fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole. However, at 60 DAI, the effect of the treatments on the population of M. javanica did not persist. Key words: Hatching. Mortality. Motility. Nematicide. Root-knot nematode. ResumoO objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do ingrediente ativo abamectina, isolado ou em combinação com fungicidas e inseticidas formulados para o tratamento industrial de sementes, sobre a população de Meloidogyne javanica, in vitro e em casa de vegetação. Em ambos os ensaios, avaliou-se a combinação dos tratamentos: abamectina; thiamethoxam; fludioxonil + metalaxil-m + tiabendazol. Como controle utilizou-se água para o ensaio in vitro, e testemunhas inoculada e não inoculada com M. javanica, em casa de vegetação. Os ensaios foram realizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado

Efficacy of Seed Priming With Cucurbitacin Phytonematicides Against Meloidogyne incognita on Pea

“…Although it was not clear how long the seed remnants would continue to release cucurbitacins into the rhizosphere, in the current pea study the activity occurred as long as 60 days after inoculation with nematodes. The latter was substantially longer than the observed effects of synthetic chemical nematicides in epigeal seeds, where efficacy on nematode suppression lasted for no more than 15 days after sowing (Monfort et al, 2006;De Almeida et al, 2017). In our study, M. incognita was managed by the released cucurbitacins from seed remnants for at least 3 nematode life cycles, which was similar to situations where cucurbitacin phytonematicides were applied using GLT system (Mashela, 2002).…”

“…In plant nematodes, yield loss is directly proportional to the initial nematode population densities (Pi) that would infect the developing root system (Seinhorst, 1965). Thus, seed priming would be ideal for suppressing Pi as observed previously in seed dressing of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Moenchand soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] with various active ingredients, primarily those of synthetic chemical nematicides such as abamectin (Monfort et al, 2006;De Almeida et al, 2017). Seed germination was previously shown to be highly sensitive to cucurbitacin phytonematicides, particularly when used as granular formulation (Martin and Blackburn, 2003;Mashela, 2009, 2010;Mazloom et al, 2009;Mafeo et al, 2011;Gautam et al, 2017).…”

Investigating the in vitro and in vivo nematicidal performance of structurally related macrolides against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

“…Avicta® containing ABM reduced hatching and increased M. javanica J 2 mortality in vitro. In addition to the nematostatic eff ect, Avicta® possessed a nematicidal eff ect (Almeida et al, 2017). However, while studying the toxicity of EMB and ABM to M. incognita juveniles in the laboratory, Ding et al (2009) reported that the toxicity of EMB was found higher than that of ABM, their LC 50 being 0.1645 and 0.4532 mg/l, respectively.…”

South Africa: An Important Soybean Producer in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Quest for Managing Nematode Pests of the Crop

“…The use of seed treatments is, however, gaining more attention, especially in Brazil where products, such as Ecolife ® , Cruiser ® , Maxim Advanced ® , Avicta ® , and other abamectin-cointaining products, have been found to reduce population densities of target species, such as M. javanica and P. brachyurus, in glasshouse and in vitro studies [85][86][87]. Another seed treatment product ILeVO ® (Bayer CropScience) that uses fluopyram as an active ingredient was registered in 2014 against sudden death syndrome and p nematode pests of soybean [88].…”