Seed‐transmission of nematode‐borne viruses

Lister, R. M.; Murant, A. F.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1967.tb04416.x

Cited by 123 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar observations were made over the intervening decades with alfalfa mosaic virus (Ross, 1941), other nepoviruses (Harrison, 1958;Lister and Murant, 1967), tobacco rattle virus (TRV; Cadman and Harrison, 1959) and cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) in kohlrabi (Al-Kaff and Covey, 1995). In addition, except for CaMV, these other viruses also were all seed transmissible to some extent (Mink, 1994), indicating a link between the recovery state and the ability to enter the meristem.…”

Section: Recoverysupporting

confidence: 48%

The Road to RNA Silencing is Paved with Plant-Virus Interactions

Palukaitis¹

2011

The Plant Pathology Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RNA silencing has had a large impact on biology in general, as well as on our understanding of plantpathogen interactions, especially interactions between plants and viruses. While most of what we know about the mechanism of RNA silencing was deduced in the last 12 years, many of the interactions between plants and viruses, as well as virus-virus interactions in plants, which we now know are manifestations of RNA silencing, were the subject of decades of work from numerous laboratories. These laboratories were examining the nature and extent of phenomena such as recovery from infection, the formation of dark green islands resistant to re-infection, synergy between unrelated viruses and cross-protection between related viruses, all first described in the late 1920s. In this review, the relationships between these phenomena and their place in the defense mechanism we call RNA silencing will be described, to show how they are all linked.Keywords : RNA silencing, recovery, dark-green islands, cross-protection, synergy, RNA silencing suppressors RNA silencing or RNA interference (RNAi) in animals is a system for regulation of ectopic gene expression, posttranscriptional RNA turnover, removal of aberrant RNAs, silencing of retrotransposons, and defense against virus infection (Brodersen

show abstract

Section: Recoverysupporting

confidence: 48%

The Road to RNA Silencing is Paved with Plant-Virus Interactions

Palukaitis¹

2011

The Plant Pathology Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, all of the recovery-inducing RNA viruses known to us have the unusual ability to infect meristems. These viruses include nepoviruses (Wingard, 1928;Lister and Murant, 1967), alfalfa mosaic virus (Ross, 1941;Frosheiser, 1974), and TRV (Cadman and Harrison, 1959). In these examples, pollen transmission of the virus is an indicator of meristem entry (Matthews, 1991).…”

Section: Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Silencing without DNA: RNA-Mediated Cross-Protection between Viruses

MacFarlane²,

1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previously, it was shown that the upper leaves of plants infected with nepoviruses and caulimoviruses are symptom free and contain reduced levels of virus. These leaves are said to be recovered. Recovery is associated with RNA-mediated cross-protection against secondary virus infection. Here, by analyzing plants infected with viruses that are quite distinct from the nepovirus or caulimovirus groups, we demonstrate that this RNA-mediated defense is a general response to virus infection. Upon infection with a tobravirus, plants exhibited RNA-mediated cross-protection and recovery, as occurs in nepovirus-infected plants. However, upon infection with a potexvirus, plants exhibited RNA-mediated cross-protection without recovery. In both instances, a transient gene expression assay showed that RNA-mediated cross-protection was functionally equivalent to post-transcriptional gene silencing. Combined, these data provide direct evidence that post-transcriptional gene silencing of nuclear genes is a manifestation of a natural defense mechanism that is induced by a wide range of viruses. INTRODUCTIONSeveral lines of evidence suggest a link between post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in transgenic plants and viruses (Baulcombe, 1996a;Pruss et al., 1997). For example, transgene-induced PTGS causes resistance against viruses that have nucleotide sequences similar to that of the transgene (Smith et al., 1994;Mueller et al., 1995;English et al., 1996; Goodwin et al., 1996). This type of transgenic virus resistance is referred to as RNA homology-dependent resistance. Viruses can also induce PTGS of homologous transgenes (Angell and Baulcombe, 1997;Al-Kaff et al., 1998;Atkinson et al., 1998;Kjemtrup et al., 1998;Ruiz et al., 1998). In some transgenic plants, the virus can be both an inducer and a target of gene silencing. The lower leaves of these plants display the normal viral symptoms. However, upper leaves emerging after systemic infection are symptom and virus free. These upper leaves are resistant to secondary infection by the inducing virus and are said to be "recovered" (Lindbo et al., 1993; Guo and Garcia, 1997).There is also a link between PTGS and viruses in nontransgenic plants. For example, PTGS is induced by recombinant virus vectors carrying inserts that are homologous to endogenous genes. This virus-induced gene silencing may be mediated by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV; a tobamovirus) (Kumagai et al., 1995) and potato virus X (PVX; a potexvirus) (Ruiz et al., 1998) vectors with RNA genomes and by tomato golden mosaic virus (a geminivirus) (Kjemtrup et al., 1998) with a DNA genome. A PTGS-like mechanism is also induced by nepoviruses and caulimoviruses (Covey et al., 1997;Ratcliff et al., 1997) that do not have homology to endogenous genes. In these examples, the infected plants exhibit a response very similar to the virus-induced recovery on transgenic plants in that the upper leaves are symptom free and contain reduced levels of virus. In nepovirus-infected plants, the recovered leaves exhibit homology-depend...

show abstract

“…The absence of characteristic virus symptoms in infected progeny seedlings has been observed for several nepovirus species, possibly as a result of low virus titre. Examples include the type species Tobacco ringspot virus in Taraxacum officinale (Tuite, ), Hibiscus latent ringspot virus in mechanically inoculated C. amaranticolor and C. quinoa (Rubies‐Autonell & Turina, ) and Arabis mosaic virus , RpRSV and Tobacco black ring virus in various host plants including Chenopodium album , Nicotiana rustica and Stellaria media (Lister & Murant, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and molecular variation of Cherry leaf roll virus isolates from Malus domestica, Ribes rubrum, Rubus idaeus, Rumex obtusifolius and Vaccinium darrowii

Woo

Pearson

2014

Plant Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) isolates from Malus domestica, Ribes rubrum, Rubus idaeus, Rumex obtusifolius and Vaccinium darrowii were characterized based on nucleotide sequences of a 371 bp fragment of the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of their genomic RNAs, symptoms in the herbaceous hosts, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana occidentalis and Nicotiana tabacum, and seed transmission in N. occidentalis. The different isolates induced a range of localized and systemic disease symptoms, of varying severity, in the herbaceous hosts. The isolates from M. domestica, R. rubrum, R. obtusifolius and V. darrowii all showed greater than 80% seed transmission in N. occidentalis, but no seed transmission was observed for the R. idaeus isolate. Based on symptoms and seed transmission, the isolates appear to be biologically distinct strains of CLRV. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences from the 3′ UTR, commonly used to detect CLRV, showed that four isolates from M. domestica, R. rubrum, R. idaeus and V. darrowii were almost identical but an isolate from R. obtusifolius exhibited a pairwise nucleotide difference of up to 5Á4% when compared to these isolates. There was no obvious correlation between sequence differences and symptomatology.

show abstract

Seed‐transmission of nematode‐borne viruses

Cited by 123 publications

References 22 publications

The Road to RNA Silencing is Paved with Plant-Virus Interactions

The Road to RNA Silencing is Paved with Plant-Virus Interactions

Gene Silencing without DNA: RNA-Mediated Cross-Protection between Viruses

Biological and molecular variation of Cherry leaf roll virus isolates from Malus domestica, Ribes rubrum, Rubus idaeus, Rumex obtusifolius and Vaccinium darrowii

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About