Seed provenance influences the wood structure of Gallesia Integrifolia

Abstract

Plants from three provenances of Gallesia integrifolia were cultivated under homogeneous growth conditions to determine the effect of seed provenance on the wood density, anatomy and chemical constituents. In 1981, seeds were collected in Ribeirão Preto (RP), Campinas (CA) and Bauru (BA). Seedlings of the three provenances were planted at the Luiz Antonio Station in 1982 and trees were felled in 2008. The plants showed significant differences in their wood, possibly due to different genotypes. The relatively small vessel diameter in CA was associated with a high wood density. The provenances RP and CA did not show radial variation in density, which indicates a more homogeneous wood than BA. To obtain wood with a high density, trees of the provenance CA would be most useful, while wood from the RP and CA provenances would be suitable if a homogeneous wood with minor radial variation were desirable.

BASIC SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND ANATOMY OF Peltophorum dubium WOOD AS A FUNCTION OF PROVENANCE AND RADIAL POSITION

“…This result was also verified by regression (linear) analysis (Figure 7a-b). We observed the same pattern with two other native Brazilian trees, Cariniana legalis (Lima et al, 2011) and Gallesia integrifolia (Longui et al, 2011). Similar results were found for many species (Gartner, 1995;Baas et al, 2004).…”

“…The variation in density toward the bark is also quite common in Brazilian native woods, and we have observed this phenomenon in all of our studies (Lima et al, 2011a;Lima et al, 2011b;Longui et al, 2011). Hietz et al (2013) reported hundreds of species in Panamanian and Ecuadorian forests and noted that the wood density was negatively related to tree growth and mortality and that wood density tended to increase towards the bark on trees with low initial density and decrease in the direction of the bark on trees with high initial density.…”

“…Furthermore, density depends on anatomical features, which also vary with age (Panshin and Zeeuw, 1964). Our group has studied other Brazilian native species planted in Luiz Antônio, and we also observed anatomical variations influencing variations in wood density with age (e.g., Lima et al (2011a) and Lima et al (2011b) in Balfourodendron riedelianum and Cariniana legalis, respectively, and Longui et al (2011) in Gallesia integrifolia and Longui et al (unpublished data) in Myracrodruon urundeuva). The average values of anatomical features also varied when compared to the study of Paula (1983) who found fiber to be 978 µm in length, wall thickness of 4.62 μm, vessels 169 μm in diameter, 4 vessels.…”

“…Similarly, fiber features (Figure 4b-c) and vessel features ( Figure 5a-c) were not influenced by seed provenance. Different results were obtained by Lima et al (2011b) for Cariniana legalis, Lima et al (2011a) for Balfourodendron riedelianum and Longui et al (2011) for Gallesia integrifolia, where provenance did influence wood density and anatomical features. In the radial direction, basic specific gravity and fiber length showed a gradual increase toward the bark, and fiber wall thickness increased from 33% to 66% radial position and remained the same in the bark (Figure 4a-c).…”

Planting density effect on some properties of Schizolobium parahyba wood

“…For the vessel diameter, similar values were found. The radial association observed between increased vessel diameter and the concomitant reduction in the frequency has been described for hardwoods (Longui et al 2011, Naji et al 2013. For this present study we found that this effect was more pronounced in the vicinity of the pith, which may be related to the initial rapid tree-height growth, characteristic of pioneer species, since the vessel elements are strongly influenced by the decreasing auxin concentration gradient along the axial axis of the tree, where the wood produced far from the young leaves, which with the growth in stem diameter comprises the near-pith region, and produced in the opposite direction to the transport of water, tends to present larger and less frequent vessels (Aloni and Zimmermann 1983, Aloni 2013, Sorce et al 2013.…”