Seed Production Practices

Rincker, C. M.; Marble, V. L.; Brown, D. E.; Johansen, Carl

doi:10.2134/agronmonogr29.c32

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Exhaustive work has been expended to determine best field management practices that maximize seed yield per unit area in alfalfa seed production fields (Rincker et al, 1988). It has also been repeatedly demonstrated that cross-pollination of alfalfa produces more seeds than selfpollination (Piper et al, 1914;Viands et al, 1988;Strickler, 1999).…”

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“…However, relationships between these indirect measures and selfing rates were not always consistent across cultivars (Gray et al, 1969). Such inconsistency could result from the fact that various factors can influence a plant's selfing rate including flower abundance, floral display size, raceme position on a stem, and plant distance from the pollinator nest (Rincker et al, 1988;Harder and Barrett 1995;Strickler and Vinson 2000). For example, selfing rate increases when pollinators visit a greater number of flowers in succession on a plant.…”

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“…This observation is a consequence of pollinators accumulating more self pollen with successive visits to flowers on the same plant (Harder and Barrett 1995;Karron et al, 2004). In addition, field studies using honey bees have shown that the most effective pollination of alfalfa occurs within a 90 m radius of the hive, giving rise to the possibility that plants closer to the hive may be more outcrossed relative to more distant plants (Rincker et al, 1988). Numerous studies have also demonstrated genetic variation for self-fertility in alfalfa, where self-fertility is quantified as the number of seeds set following the manual tripping of alfalfa flowers (Cooper and Brink 1940;Tysdal et al, 1942;Pankiw and Bolton, 1965;Sayers and Murphy, 1966;Knapp and Teuber, 1993).…”

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Selfing Rate in an Alfalfa Seed Production Field Pollinated with Leafcutter Bees

et al. 2015

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A utotetraploid alfalfa (2n = 4x = 32) is the third largest crop by acreage in the United States with an estimated 28 million kg of seed produced per year (NASS, 2009). Although alfalfa tends to outcross (i.e., xenogamous), it is a self-compatible species meaning that self-pollination or "selfing" is possible. Selfing in alfalfa is more likely to occur in the absence of pollen from another genotype, suggesting that, when present, outcross pollen may outcompete self pollen (Viands et al., 1988). Selfing has been shown to occur in insect-pollinated alfalfa seed production fields. Reported field-wide selfing rate estimates range from 9 to 53% (Burkart, 1937, 15% selfing;Johansen, 1963, multiple studies 9 to 26% selfing; Bradner and Frakes, 1964, 34% selfing; Pedersen, 1968, 53% selfing; Knapp and Teuber, 1993, 24% selfing; and Brown and Bingham, 1994, 28% selfing). Most of the pre-1990s studies used white flowered "sentinel" plants in fields of purple flowered alfalfa plants to estimate selfing rates. The pollinators used in these studies varied widely or were not mentioned and ABSTRACT Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) self-pollination (i.e., selfing) causes inbreeding depression. Determining factors influencing alfalfa seed production selfing rates could inform potential mitigation strategies to reduce selfing. We measured in situ selfing rates from seed sampled from random plants in a commercial alfalfa seed production field pollinated by leafcutter bees (Megachile rotundata F.). Alfalfa selfing rates were estimated by genotyping ~24 progeny from each of 38 maternal plants. Maternal plant distance to pollinator domicile, pod position on racemes, raceme position on stems, and seeds per pod were noted during seed and tissue collection. Selfing rates averaged 11.8% with individual selfing rates ranging from 0% to 52.2%. Seed from pods collected from upper parts of racemes had lower selfing rates (9.1%) compared to pods from lower parts of racemes (15.1%). When "low" self-compatible (<15% selfing rate in 3+ seeded pods) and "high" self-compatible (≥15% selfing rate in 3+ seeded pods) plants were examined separately, however, this pattern remained significant only for low self-compatible plants (upper raceme selfing rates 3.1% vs. lower raceme 8.3%). Low self-compatible plants had higher selfing rates in 1-2 seeded pods (12.9%) compared to 3+ seeded pods (3.8%) while high self-compatible plants showed no differences in selfing rates based on seed number per pod. Genetic differences for self-pollen's ability to outcompete outcross pollen when growing down the style best explained observed differences between low and high self-compatible plants. Best management practices and selection could help reduce but not eliminate selfing in alfalfa seed production fields.

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Selfing Rate in an Alfalfa Seed Production Field Pollinated with Leafcutter Bees

et al. 2015

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“…Grass seed production is success favored in regions which are characterized by clear, sunny, warm days in combination with little or no rainfall during flowering. These climatic conditions promote good flowering of grass species and provide an environment conducive to pollinating activity of bees, two factors essential for seed production (Rincker et al 1988). However, rain which fell readily during flowering during June would have had consequences on the efficiency of the tillers to give inflorescences ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussion:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Row Spacing, Mineral and Organic Fertilizers on Yield and Growth Parameters of Panicum Maximum on Ferralitic Soil in Benin (West Africa).

Gbenou¹

2019

IJAR

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This study proposes to evaluate the influence of the spacing row and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer and goat manure on Panicum maximum seed production and fodder nutritive value harvested in south Benin on ferralitic soil from 2015 to 2017. The experiment was a factorial design comprising all combinations of 4 row spacings (20, 40, 60 and 80 cm) and 6 fertilizers: six levels of fertilizer: (F0) No goat manure (Control) (F1), 100 kg NPK 15-15-15, (F2) 20 t/ha goat manure, (F3) 15 t/ha goat manure, (F4) 10t/ha goat manure + 33kg NPK 15-15-15 and (F5) 5 tons + 66 Kg NPK/ha. Four replications were used in the experiment. The results showed that wider row spacing (60 cm) enhanced seed production in this experiment. Number of total tillers/tussock, fertile tillers/tussocks and spike length were significantly greater under the widest rows spacing (60 cm and 80 cm). The best seed yield got with row spacing 60 cm (392.1 kg.ha-1) and 45.5% of caryopses germinate after six months of storage against 14.5% for spikelet. Seed yield and its attributes increased significantly with NPK combined to goat manures (F4).

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“…Forage production would benefit from specialization in seed production directed at the consistent, reliable production of heavy yields with high seed quality. According to Rincker et al (1988), successful alfalfa seed production is favored in regions where the growing season is characterized by low relative humidity and moderate to high temperature. Selection of promising genotypes in a breeding program is based on various criteria, most importantly final crop yield and its components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage and Seed Yield Variation of Alfalfa Cultivars in Response to Planting Date

El-Hifny¹,

Bakheit²,

Hassan³

et al. 2019

SVU-International Journal of Agricultural Sciences

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to study the direct and indirect effects of yield attributes on forage and seed yields of alfalfa. Six alfalfa genotypes from Egypt (Aswan population, Balady population, El-Dakhla population, Ismalia-1 cultivar, and nitrogen fixing population and Siwa population) beside one variety from USA (Genan) were used in this study. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design using split plot arrangement with three replications. Three sowing dates of 20 th October (D1), 20 th November (D2) and 20 th December (D3) were allocated in the main plot while the seven alfalfa genotypes were arranged in the sub plots. Three cuts were taken from each sowing date at 80, 125 and 165 days after sowing at 80, 45-and 40-day intervals, respectively. After taking three cuts, the plants were left out until flowering and seed production which take place in the first week of April, May and June for studied sowing dates, respectively. The obtained results show that, the Ismalia-1 cultivar exceeded the other tested genotypes for seasonal fresh forage yield trait (6.16 kg m-2) under third planting date (20 th December) while, El-Dakhla genotype superior with regard to seasonal dry forage yield (2.00 kg m-2) under the same planting date. Otherwise, Aswan population produced the maximum mean values of Seasonal protein forage yield (0.60 kg m-2) under second planting date (20 th November). In addition, Genan cultivar which was introduced from USA gave the maximum seed yield plant (1.20 g) under the first planting date (20 th October). Furthermore, the obtained results show that the fresh forage yield had the greatest influence on protein forage yield in each sowing date. Meantime, the results of path analysis show that, number of seeds/pod and number of pods/plant considered the most effective traits in seed yield/plant of alfalfa. Moreover, negative correlation between seed yield/plant and 1000-seed weight was observed. Therefore, selection for improving seed yield/plant may be carried directly through selection for number of seeds/pod and number of pods/plant.

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Seed Production Practices

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Selfing Rate in an Alfalfa Seed Production Field Pollinated with Leafcutter Bees

Selfing Rate in an Alfalfa Seed Production Field Pollinated with Leafcutter Bees

Effect of Row Spacing, Mineral and Organic Fertilizers on Yield and Growth Parameters of Panicum Maximum on Ferralitic Soil in Benin (West Africa).

Forage and Seed Yield Variation of Alfalfa Cultivars in Response to Planting Date

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