“…Cr cause severe phytotoxic effects on plants growth, and biomass by decreasing the photosynthetic rate, disturbing mineral uptake balance, and increasing Cr uptake ( Singh et al, 2021 ). It is noticed that Cr stress cause reduction in seed germination rate, and disturb the antioxidative defense mechanism as well ( Basit et al, 2021a , Basit et al, 2021c , Basit et al, 2022 ). It is revealed that Cr uptake, and translocation minimize the germination, and growth ratio, negatively effects on chlorophyll pigments production, and PSII system, and increase electrolyte leakage by stimulating the ROS generation ( Wakeel et al, 2020 ), and ultimately crop yield is compromised.…”