Seed orchard genetics.

Funda, Tomáš

doi:10.1079/pavsnnr20127013

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…The contamination rate varied widely among the studied years and ranged between 10% for 2005 where the two intrusive pollination environment manipulation treatments (bloom-delay and SMP) were concurrently implemented 3 , and 28% for 2008, which was developed under natural pollination (Table 1). Years with SMP treatment alone (2007 4 and 2009 6 ) produced intermediate contamination rates (13–18%) between those of the concurrent pollination environment manipulation treatments (10%) 5 and natural pollination (28%). Furthermore, the difference between 2007 4 and 2009 6 could be a reflection of the amount of SMP efforts dedicated to small verses large crops and may highlight SMP ineffectiveness during years with large crops (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Years with SMP treatment alone (2007 4 and 2009 6 ) produced intermediate contamination rates (13–18%) between those of the concurrent pollination environment manipulation treatments (10%) 5 and natural pollination (28%). Furthermore, the difference between 2007 4 and 2009 6 could be a reflection of the amount of SMP efforts dedicated to small verses large crops and may highlight SMP ineffectiveness during years with large crops (Table 1). It is interesting to note that the contamination rate for all intrusive pollination environment manipulation treatments 3,4,6 (10–18%) were lower than that observed for natural pollination (28%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seed orchards are of vital importance as they represent the vehicles connecting breeding and silviculture activities through packaging gain and diversity in their genetically improved seed crops. In order to fulfil this role, seed orchards are expected to function as closed, perfect panmictic populations 2 , an ideal scenario that is hardly met due to the commonly observed variation in reproductive success and phenology among parents as well as external gene flow (pollen contamination) from the ambient environment 1,3,4 . These factors could lead to reducing the genetic worth and diversity as well as harbouring higher levels of inbreeding in the resulting seed crops 5–7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The availability of highly polymorphic molecular markers such as single sequence repeats (SSRs) and pedigree reconstruction made it feasible to accurately evaluate the effectiveness of seed orchard’s pollination environment manipulation practices through direct assessments of parental reproductive success and pollen contamination 4,5 . SSRs have been extensively used to study seed orchards mating patterns 5–7,18–20 as they offer increased diagnostic power as compared to the first used allozyme markers 3,11,21,22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal quantification of mating system parameters in a coastal Douglas-fir seed orchard under manipulated pollination environment

Song

Ratcliffe

Kess

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Seed orchards main function is delivering breeding programs’ gains in the form of genetically improved seedlings. They are unique experimental populations, perfectly suited for studying various pollination environments (natural or otherwise), affecting their mating system parameters. Here, under different pollination environment (natural and intrusive (pollen augmentation and/or bloom-delay)), the mating system of a second generation, wind-pollinated, coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed orchard was evaluated over four years. Using DNA microsatellite markers and bulk seed samples, we conducted pedigree reconstruction to assign each seed’s male and female parents, followed by determining the extent of pollen contamination (external gene flow), selfing rate, and, parental gametic contribution for each year. Overall, external pollen contamination rates ranged between 10 and 28%, selfing rate varied between 12 and 17%, and 80% of the seed crops were produced by 37–64% of the orchard’s parents. Pollination environment and seed crop size substantially influenced the observed results, particularly for small crops as pollen contamination was high in natural (28%) vs. intrusive pollination (10%). Generally, irrespective of the crop size, seed produced under natural pollination had higher pollen contamination, confirming the role of pollination environment manipulation in improving seed crops’ genetic quality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Temporal quantification of mating system parameters in a coastal Douglas-fir seed orchard under manipulated pollination environment

Song

Ratcliffe

Kess

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Assuming that background pollen sources carry zero level of improvement, the reduction in the genetic gain equals half of the pollen contamination rate. There are a number of factors that influence the magnitude of pollen contamination: (1) the species and its mating system, (2) reproductive phenology of the selected as well as outside-orchard parents, (3) size of the orchard, and/or (4) the degree of isolation and actual environmental conditions (reviewed in Funda & El-Kassaby 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low rates of pollen contamination in a Scots pine seed orchard in Sweden: the exception or the norm?

Funda

Wennström

Almqvist

et al. 2015

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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We investigated mating structure and gene flow in a clonal seed orchard of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) over three consecutive pollination seasons (2010-2012) with nine nuclear microsatellite markers. The paternity of 1991 offspring from four maternal parents was assigned to 28 candidate fathers using an exclusion procedure and a likelihood-based method implemented in the program CERVUS. Relative reproductive success was highly variable among pollen parents but consistent across years and ranged from 0.1% to 18.3%. Consequently, the seed crops' effective number of fathers was reduced to 52.9%, 48.8%, and 45.7% of the census in the three seasons, respectively. Self-fertilization fluctuated around the orchard's expected value of 5.1%, reaching 4.05%, 7.71%, and 6.61%, respectively. Pollen contamination was estimated to be 5.64%, 7.29%, and 4.89%, respectively, after correction for cryptic gene flow. CERVUS provided similar results as the exclusion method, but estimates greatly varied depending on the input parameters, mainly the proportion of fathers sampled. These results indicate the studied seed orchard is a well-functioning production population with only minor negative effects of self-fertilization and pollen contamination on the quality of seed crops. Genotyping issues associated with microsatellites as a potential source of false paternity assignment and exclusion are discussed.

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Development of marama bean, an orphan legume, as a crop

Cullis

Lawlor

Chimwamurombe

et al. 2019

Food and Energy Security

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Advances have been recently made in the breeding and characterization of three major legume crops of the semiarid tropics, chickpea, pigeon pea, and groundnut. However, other wild‐growing legumes, called “orphan legumes,” with potential as crops, but are not yet cultivated would benefit from further attention. This review considers the domestication of one such plant, marama bean (Tylosema esculentum). Marama has long been recognized as a potential crop particularly for southern Africa, but coordinated, long‐term research and development has been lacking. Marama is a perennial, outcrossing hexaploid, growing under extreme conditions in a restricted geographic range; only natural stands exist that are likely to be overexploited. Marama has two potential units of economic yield, seed and tuber. The seed is protein‐ and oil‐rich, with potential in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries while the tuber is high in carbohydrates. In this review, the different aspects of bringing a wild plant into cultivation are considered, together with the additional socioeconomic benefits of developing a breeding program. An international collaboration is analyzing aspects of the plant structure and physiology, molecular biology, and its interactions with environment with a view to developing marama as a crop, with a role in food security, that could be harvested by local communities. Molecular topics considered include next‐generation sequencing for developing molecular maps, genotyping by sequencing, identification of quantitative trait loci for important agronomic traits, protein quality, and incompatibility mechanisms. To achieve domestication requires seed gardens and fields, and the phenotyping of marama material from different locations. Community engagement will also ensure agronomic sustainability and farmer participation. This review describes an approach for a successful outcome of a breeding program to introduce improved marama and highlights the challenges in achieving this, which is a paradigm for the difficulties in the cultivation of “orphan species.”

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Seed orchard genetics.

Cited by 43 publications

References 162 publications

Temporal quantification of mating system parameters in a coastal Douglas-fir seed orchard under manipulated pollination environment

Temporal quantification of mating system parameters in a coastal Douglas-fir seed orchard under manipulated pollination environment

Low rates of pollen contamination in a Scots pine seed orchard in Sweden: the exception or the norm?

Development of marama bean, an orphan legume, as a crop

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