Seed Oil Accumulation and Yield of Safflower Affected by Water Supply and Harvest Time

Abstract

Core Ideas Deficit irrigation conditions decreased safflower seed and oil yield.Safflower cultivars demonstrated different reactions drought stress.Sina and Faraman cultivars had higher seed oil content across all irrigation treatments.Highest oil yield across all irrigation treatments was produced by Sina cultivarHarvest time deferment was associated with increased oil oxidation in all cultivars. Drought stress significantly declines crop yield. Efficient soil moisture management and its consequent effects on metabolic changes which happen in response to drought stress are important in dry regions agriculture. This research was performed to evaluate yield, yield components, and oil accumulation in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars seed in response to water deficit conditions. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the College of Agriculture, Tabriz University during two growing seasons of 2014 and 2015. The treatments were arranged as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. Irrigation treatments (irrigation after 70, 100, 130, and 160 mm evaporation from class A pan) were assigned to the main plots and spring safflower cultivars (Faraman, Goldasht, Sina, and Soffeh) were allocated to the subplots. Safflower seeds were harvested in 5‐d intervals at seven stages during development and maturity period. The result showed that Sina cultivar had the highest seed yield per unit area. Maximum oil percentage of safflower seeds was obtained at 1 to 12 d after plant physiological maturity. Water stress caused seed oil percentage decline across all cultivars. Sina and Faraman cultivars had higher oil percentage across all irrigation treatments. The highest oil and seed yield per unit area under both full and limited irrigation conditions was produced by Sina cultivar. Drought stress decreased seed yield, yield components, and oil content across all safflower cultivars, however, the extent of the damage was limited due to cultivar genetic characteristics and ecological origin.

Influence of cut-off irrigation on seed quality and physiological indices of various safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes

“…Irrigation levels had a significant effect on 1,000-seed weight of safflower. This result is in agreement with Mohammadi et al [16], which indicated that lower numbers of safflower seeds under water deficit stress may be associated with a diminished transfer of photosynthetic products to seeds through the generative growth stage. Likewise, Mirshekari et al [17] reported that disrupted irrigation at head-forming and flowering stages of safflower caused reduced 1,000-seed weight during water deficit stress.…”

Irrigated Safflower in Phenological Stages of Brazilian Southeast Dry Season

“…Oil yield which constitutes a combination of grain yield and the oil content of grains, has a high influence of grain yield (OMIDI et al, 2012), as observed in the present study, with 54% reduction for irrigation only in the vegetative and flowering in relation to safflower irrigated in vegetative and flowering (Table 4) Papakosta and Doitsinis (2009), as observed in the present study with 54% reduction for irrigation only in the vegetative and flowering in relation to safflower irrigated in vegetative and flowering. Mohammadi et al (2018) observed that water deficit decreased the yield of seeds and safflower oil and that safflower cultivars demonstrated different water stress reactions.…”

“…Istanbulluoglu (2009) and Istanbulluoglu et al (2009) found that when irrigation was omitted during the vegetative stage, the grain yield was decreased. Mohammadi et al (2018) observed that water deficit decreased the yield and oil of safflower.…”

Biomass and nutrient accumulation and partitioning of fall‐winter safflower in a double‐cropping system of southeastern Brazil

“…Therefore, our results evidenced that the safflower requires relatively large amounts of nutrients, such as N, K, and Ca, as suggested by other researchers (Abbasieh et al., 2013; Brooke, Coventry, Reeves, & Jarvis, 1989; Dordas & Sioulas, 2009; El‐Mohsen & Mahmoud, 2013; Golzarfar et al., 2012; Haghighati, 2010; Sampaio et al., 2016; Soleimani, 2010). On the other hand, safflower demonstrated a great capacity to access a considerable portion of the soil profile to obtain nutrients (Haghighati, 2010; Herdrich, 2001; Montoya, 2010), especially those not supplied by mineral fertilization, even with relatively low water availability (Lovelli et al., 2007; Mohammadi et al., 2018; Montoya, 2010). This characteristic makes safflower an interesting option for rainfed cultivation in the fall‐winter growing season of a double‐cropping system because of its advantageous ability to obtain residual nutrients from the previous growing season (Sampaio et al., 2016).…”