Seed-mediated evolution of hierarchical metal–organic framework quaternary superstructures

Abstract

Varying levels of hierarchy in metal–organic framework (MOF) superstructures are achieved through seed-mediated evolution of multiple MOF modules.

In situ assembled ZIF superstructures via an emulsion-free soft-templating approach

“…The fabrication of hollow metal-organic framework (MOF) superstructures enables superior guest encapsulation, complex microreactor preparation and highly selective molecular separation. [1][2][3][4][5][6] An interesting class of superstructures 7,8 are colloidosomes, 9 which are microspheres with shells composed of selfassembled nanoparticles at the surface of emulsion droplets. 10 To date, shaped metal oxides and orderly arranged polymeric/ biomolecule templates have been successfully used as hard templates for the fabrication of complex MOF superstructures.…”

Pristine Hollow Metal–Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis and Application

“…Looking forward to the future, developing new characterization technology to probe the synthetic procedure and the formation mechanism of hollow MOFs will provide great opportunities for precise control of the proper position of specific hierarchical compositions and nanostructures. Multiple external functional materials, compositions and structures could also be dedicatedly arranged in hollow MOFs with desired hierarchy orders through precise fabrication [124, 125] . Whereafter, desirable physical and chemical properties of hollow MOFs can be hopefully tailored.…”

Strategies for Pore Engineering in Zirconium Metal-Organic Frameworks

“…Compared with Zn-MOFs containing more labile coordination bonds, constructing MOF superstructures based on high valence metals, such as Zr 4+ , is much more challenging because the strong Zr-O coordination bonds in Zr-MOFs are difficult to dissociate during the growth process, usually leading to a fast precipitation of MOF particles rather than a superstructure. 144,145 Installing additional weak sites including weak coordination bonds, weak covalent bonds, and reactive functional groups might provide a solution for the construction of hierarchical architectures. Although some progress has been made, 63,70 the level of hierarchy in Zr-MOFs is still too simple to achieve complex functions.…”