Seed extracts from Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) and Moringa oleifera (Drumstick tree) inhibits enzymes relevant to erectile dysfunction and metal-induced oxidative damage in rats' penile tissues

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of nutmeg and drumstick seed extracts on enzymes (phosphodies- constituents. These findings demonstrate that the studied seeds could be explored as an alternative remedy for the management of ED. However, the seed of nutmeg was more effective than drum stick.terase Practical applicationsNutmeg and Drumstick seeds are commonly consumed medicinal seeds and are a potential source of polyphenols with strong antioxidant activity. They are used as functional foods and could serve as an alternative therapy for the management of erectile dysfunction (ED). This study provides useful information for the first time on phenolic composition and therapeutic potentials of nutmeg and drumstick seeds for the management and treatment of ED. | I NTR OD U CTI ONErectile dysfunction (ED) is an important indicator of poor health, which reduces quality of life. The prevalence of ED is rising and it is estimated to affect about 300 million men by 2025. Moreover, the prevalence of ED in men increases with age (Ayta, McKinlay, & Krane, 1999 cavernosum, respectively (Adefegha, Oboh, Okeke, et al., 2017;Dimitriadis et al. 2010;Jin, 2009). However, the use of these drugs has been reported to pose several side effects to ED patients (Akomolafe et al., 2016;Oboh, Ademiluyi, et al., 2017). Akure. The seeds were dried and pulverized, using laboratory blender, and sieved. Each sample (100 g) was measured and extracted with 400 mL of distilled water and was shaken in an orbital shaker for 6 hr. | M AT ER I AL S A N D M E TH ODSThe filtrate was freeze-dried and 100 mg each was reconstituted in 100 mL of distilled water and was filtered. The filtrate was stored at 48C for subsequent analysis. The freeze-dried samples were used for HPLC-DAD analysis. | Handling of experimental animalsAdult male Wistar strain albino rats (weighing between 210 and 240 g)were purchased from the animal breeding colony of Animal Production and Health Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure.Animal handling was in accordance with the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the National Academy of Science (Public Health Service, 1996). The rats were acclimatized for 14 days and maintained at room temperature under laboratory conditions with access to standard animal feed and water ad libitum. | Spectrophotometric determination of total phenolic (phenol and flavonoid) contentThe total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined using spectrophotometric methods (Akomolafe et al., 2016). The total phenol and flavonoid contents were subsequently calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and quercetin equivalent (QE), respectively. | HPLC-DAD analysisReverse phase chromatography analyses were carried out under gradient conditions using a C18 column (4.6 3 150 mm) and a mobile phase The effect of the extracts on PDE-5 0 activities were assessed according to the method of Kelly and Butler (1977). The substrate, p-nitrophenyl phenylephosphate (55.84 mg) was dissolved in 20 mL of Tris buffer (pH 7.4).The...

Phenolic analysis and erectogenic function of African Walnut ( Tetracarpidium conophorum ) seeds: The impact of the seed shell on biological activity

“…This is because inhibition of arginase activity could give way to the increase NO bioavailability, which in turn could induce smooth muscle relaxation, and thereby enhances penile rigidity (Sakai et al, ). The result of the studied seed extracts on arginase activity, coincides with the reports of Odubanjo et al () where extracts from the seed of Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) and Moringa oleifera (Drumstick tree) inhibited arginase activity, the effect that was attributed to the polyphenol compounds. Flavonoid has been reported to be potent inhibitors of arginase activity, via hydrophobic interactions with the active site of the arginase.…”

“…The PDE-5 activity was determined using the method of Kelly and Butler (1977) as described by Odubanjo, Olasehinde, Oyeleye, Oboh, and Boligon (2018). Rats were anesthetized and sacrificed, and the penile tissue was carefully removed, rinsed with 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer containing 1 mM CaCl 2 and 50 mM NaCl (pH 8.0), and homogenized in cold buffer.…”

Anticholinesterase activity and phenolic profile of two medicinal plants (Quassia undulataandSenecio abyssinicus) used in managing cognitive dysfunction in Nigeria

“…Oxidative stress damage the neuronal cells, impair communication flow and cognitive function (Adefegha et al, ; Ademosun et al, ; Nwanna et al, ). Hence, consumption of phenolic‐rich compound could augment body's antioxidant status, via scavenging of radical and metal chelation, which could be a strategic means of attenuating oxidative stress in neurodegenerative conditions (Ayala, Muñoz, & Argüelles, ; Odubanjo, Olasehinde, Oyeleye, Oboh, & Boligon, ). The extracts from QU and SA scavenged DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, and also chelate Fe 2+ in a dose‐dependent manner.…”

Determination of Antimicrobial Properties of Myristica fragans (Nutmeg) on Microorganisms Isolated from Veritas University Hostels Bathroom and their Surfaces

“…The compounds were extracted effectively in the solvents in the order of acetone>ethanol>aqueous. Also studies by [6] showed that nutmeg seeds exhibited strong inhibitory effects and that the effects exhibited by nutmeg may be linked to high phenolic and flavonoid contents.…”