Seed Endophytic Achromobacter sp. F23KW as a Promising Growth Promoter and Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia Root Rot of Fenugreek

Abstract

Root rot is one of the most significant soil and seed-borne fungal diseases, limiting the cultivation of fenugreek plants. Endophytic bacteria and their natural bioproducts have emerged as growth promoters and disease suppressors in the current era. Despite limited research, seeds are a good funder of endophytic microbiomes, which are transmitted from them to other seedling parts, thereby providing a shield against biotic and abiotic anxiety and promoting the growth at early germination and later stages. The current study evaluated the hypothesis that seed endophytic bacteria and their lytic enzymes, growth promotors, and antifungal molecules can induce growth, and inhibit root rot disease development at the same time. The isolation trial from fenugreek seeds revealed a lytic Achromobacter sp., which produces indole acetic acid, has antifungal compounds (e.g., 2-Butanol, 3,3’-oxybis-), and reduces the growth of Rhizoctonia solani by 43.75%. Under the greenhouse and natural field conditions, bacterial cells and/or supernatant improved the growth, physiology, and yield performance of fenugreek plants, and effectively suppressed the progress of root rot disease; this is the first extensive study that uses a new seed-borne endophytic bacterium as a plant-growth-promoting, and biocontrol tool against the sclerotia-forming; R. solani; the causative of fenugreek root rot.

Domiciliation of Trichoderma asperellum Suppresses Globiosporangium ultimum and Promotes Pea Growth, Ultrastructure, and Metabolic Features

“…Chitinase analyzes 1–4 β-glycoside linkage of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the fungal chitin; thus, acting as a bio-fungicide by antagonizing the other phytopathogens on host plants [ 55 ]. The growth medium was free from the chitin substrate, demonstrating that chitinase is produced constitutively by the Trichoderma asperellum ZNW.…”

Chickpea seed endophyte Enterobacter sp. mediated yield and nutritional enrichment of chickpea for improving human and livestock health

“…Higher accumulation of the phenolics was studied in the fenugreek plant when the host plants were treated with endophyte seed microbes, Achromobacter sp. (40). Shikimic acid is also a very important component, as it acts as the precursor of most phenolic compounds (54).…”

Exclusive Biosynthesis of Pullulan Using Taguchi’s Approach and Decision Tree Learning Algorithm by a Novel Endophytic Aureobasidium pullulans Strain

“…The collected common bean pods were stored at 4 °C after labeling. Isolation of the endophytic seed-borne yeast-like fungus from seed samples was carried out following the technique proposed by Rashad et al [ 21 ]. First, the surface was sterilized with 70% ethanol for 1 min, then 2% sodium hypochlorite for 90 s, then with 100% ethanol for 30 s, and finally, rinsed with distilled water for 10 min before drying under laminar airflow, utilizing sterilized filter paper.…”