Seed dynamics and control of<i>Pistia stratiotes</i>in two aquatic systems in Botswana

Kurugundla, CN

doi:10.2989/16085914.2014.905449

Cited by 4 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…10a). The release of the weevil N. affinis at this site in 1987 has kept the weed under control since that time [116].…”

Section: Historical Spread In Botswanamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In Asia and China it has been a serious concern [112,113] and it forms dense mats in Pantanal and becomes conspicuous in several impoundments in South America causing eutrophication [114]. In Africa, it has received most attention since the early 1960s and is of minor importance in South Africa [115] and in Botswana [116]. It is also found in Zimbabwe [117], Nigeria and other African countries [118].…”

Section: Distribution In the Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10b). The weed was manually removed in the areas before fruit maturity [116]. The Chobe River forming the border between Botswana and Namibia connects to the Kwando -Linyanti River system via Lake Liambezi in Namibia.…”

Section: Historical Spread In Botswanamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the herbicides: diquat, glyphosate, 2, 4-D were evaluated for herbicide control of water lettuce in South Africa [140]. Botswana applied regular physical removal to eliminate the weed [116].…”

Section: Physical and Herbicide Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the outstanding success in Australia, several countries used N. affinis to control P. stratiotes. The weevil has now been well established in Chobe River in Botswana [116]; Republic of South Africa (RSA) in the water pan in Pafuri area, Sunset Dam (Kruger National Park) [145]; Sabie River, a dam in Mmabatho [140,146]; Sepik River and at Bulolo in the Morobe Province in Papua New Guinea [111]; Florida and Texas in USA [147,148]; Manyame River and upstream of Lake McIllwaine in Zimbabwe [117,149]; Central Cuvette, Brazzaville and in the southern Kouilou Province in Congo [150]; Kenya [115]; Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary of Mauritiana; Diawling National Park of Senegal [151]; southern Mono Province and northern Borgou Province in Benen [152]. In conclusion, in tropical regions, control could be achieved 100% in 1-2 years while in subtropical climates N. affinis populations decline to allow water lettuce to grow unchecked for a portion of the year and levels of biological control therefore fluctuate strongly [111].…”

Section: Success Of N Affinismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management

Kurugundla¹,

Mathangwane²,

Sakuringwa³

et al. 2016

TOPSJ

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Aquatic ecosystems in Botswana have been under threat by the aquatic alien invasive plant species viz., salvinia Salvinia molesta Mitchell, water lettuce Pistia stratiotes L., and water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laub. While salvinia has been termed the major threat to the Botswana wetlands, water lettuce and water hyacinth are considered to be of minor importance. This review presents the species biology, distribution, historical spread, negative impacts, control achieved right from their discovery in the country by referring to their control and management in the world.Having infested the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers in the 1970s, salvinia was initially tried by the use of herbicides, paraquat and glyphosate, between 1972 and 1976. With the discovery of the host specific biological control weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands in 1981, the weevil was introduced by Namibians on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1983 and by Botswana in 1986 in the Okavango Delta. While the control was slowly establishing in Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers, it became apparent that lakes and perennial swamps within and outside Moremi Game Reserve of the Okavango Delta were infested with salvinia from 1992 onwards.With continuous and sustained liberation of the weevil in the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers and in the Okavango Delta between 1999 and 2000, salvinia control was achieved by 2003, and since then the weevil constantly keeps the weed at low levels. The success is mainly due to sustainable monitoring through the application of physical and biological control methods. However, salvinia is still threatening the Okavango Delta due to factors such as tourism activities, boat navigation fishing and transporttion by wild animals.The first occurrence of water lettuce was recorded on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1986. Its biocontrol weevil Neohydronomous affinis Hustache was released in the year 1987. The weevil became extinct in Selinda Canal and Zibadianja Lake on Kwando River due to dry and wet events for over 10 years and the weed had been under control biologically on Chobe River. Having surface covered the Selinda and a part of the Zibadianja in high flood and rainfall in 1999/2000 season, research was undertaken to contain water lettuce, which led to its eradication by 2005. Regular physical removal of the water lettuce prior to fruit maturity is an effective method of control or eradicating the weed in seasonal water bodies.The Limpopo Basin (shared by Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique) has become vulnerable to water hyacinth infestation. Water hyacinth infested the trans-boundary Limpopo River in 2010 sourced from Hartbeesport Dam on Crocodile River in South Africa. Botswana and South Africa have been consulting each other to implement integrated control of the weed jointly in the Limpopo River. Water hyacinth could be a continuous threat to the dams and the rivers in the Limpopo basin if its control is not taken seriously.These three species are found growing in Botswana in a range of pH...

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“…10a). The release of the weevil N. affinis at this site in 1987 has kept the weed under control since that time [116].…”

Section: Historical Spread In Botswanamentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Distribution In the Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical Spread In Botswanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical and Herbicide Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Success Of N Affinismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management

Kurugundla¹,

Mathangwane²,

Sakuringwa³

et al. 2016

TOPSJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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The chromosome‐level genome of a free‐floating aquatic weed Pistia stratiotes provides insights into its rapid invasion

Qian

Yang

et al. 2022

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Pistia stratiotes (Araceae), commonly referred to as water lettuce, is one of the most notorious weeds that cause severe damage to the economy and natural ecosystems of infested areas. In order to explore the mechanism of its rapid invasion, here, we assembled a high‐quality chromosome‐level genome for P. stratiotes based on the Illumina sequencing, PacBio sequencing, and Hi‐C scaffolding technology. The assembled genome is 311.87 Mb in size with a contig N50 of 1.08 Mb. The contigs were further anchored on 14 pseudochromosomes with a scaffold N50 of 21.21 Mb. A total of 20,356 protein‐coding genes were predicted, of which 79.35% were functionally annotated here. Evolutionary analysis showed that P. stratiotes and Colocasia esculenta were clustered together as sister lineages that diverged approximately 61 Ma. The synteny analyses indicated that two whole‐genome duplication (WGD) events occurred within a short period in P. stratiotes. Moreover, comparative genome analysis indicated that the expansion of gene families corresponding to disease resistance might contribute to rapid invasion in P. stratiotes. Also, we analysed the disease‐resistance gene family (NBS‐LRR) involved in plant defence. A genome‐wide search in P. stratiotes genome identified 85 NBS‐LRR genes in this study. In conclusion, this study provides some new insights into the evolution of the invasive aquatic plant P. stratiotes. Our reference genome will also provide valuable resources for future invasion genomic research programmes.

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Pistia stratiotesL.

2017

EPPO Bulletin

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Seed dynamics and control ofPistia stratiotesin two aquatic systems in Botswana

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management

Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management

The chromosome‐level genome of a free‐floating aquatic weed Pistia stratiotes provides insights into its rapid invasion

Pistia stratiotesL.

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