Seed dormancy: General survey of dormancy types in seeds, and dormancy imposed by external agents

Barton, Lela V.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-50088-6_57

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Seeds with long viability are important: (1) for the survival of the species under extreme and unpredictable conditions; (2) as an 'evolutionary memory' which increases the gene pool. Dry conditions are the most important of the factors (Barton 1961;Harrington 1963Harrington , 1972Styer et al 1980;Kay et al 1988). The dormancy (Nikolaeva 1969) of seeds of many species enables them to remain in the seed bank for many years.…”

Section: Long-term Changes During Dry Storage and Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Germination in Desert Plants

Gutterman

1993

Adaptations of Desert Organisms

318

188

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PrefaceThis book is based on the author's 30 years of research in the desert, as well as on the research of others, on the dispersal and germination of annual angiospermae, geophytes and other perennial desert plants of the Negev Desert Highlands and the other deserts of Israel and the Sinai Peninsula. The findings are compared with the results of research that has been carried out in other hot deserts of the world. The focus of the book is on the extreme and unpredictable environmental conditions which influence the germination and survival of plants in the desert. These include the wide variation in the amount and distribution of rain and the differences in the length of the growing season from one year to the next, wide fluctuations in temperature, high salinity and the pressures of seed predation. The book presents ·an overview of the environmental factors influencing seed germination during plant development ~nd seed maturation, the mechanisms of seed dispersal and storage of the seed bank as well as those that affect germination during seed imbibition and seedling survival.The survival of plants under desert conditions is connected mainly with the germination mechanisms which ensure germination and seedling development at the right time and in a suitable place. Thus, during the plant life cycle the seed has the highest resistance to extreme environmental factors, whereas the seedling has the lowest. Are there special mechanisms in some species which are able to predict the best time and place for germination? It seems that there are two main directions in which evolution has taken place: 1. Plants with survival mechanisms that will enable seeds to be dispersed and/or germinate when the chance of seedling establishment is very high and the risk relatively low. Seeds of these plants only germinate after relatively large amounts of rain and, in many cases, have relatively large seeds which are well protected against many granivores. 2. In the opposite direction of evolution are species which produce tiny seeds in very large numbers, and many of these seeds germinate after even less than 10 mm of rainfall. These are condi-VI Preface tions of high risk for seedling establishment if additional rain does .not follow fairly quickly.One of the main topics considers what is special about the dispersal and germination of the seeds of plants that are found in deserts.The dispersal and germination strategies and mechanisms discussed focus mainly on annual plants in which germination is the most critical process before each growing season.Limited seed separation -synaptospermyis common among plant species inhabiting extreme deserts. Many synaptospermic species disperse their seeds by rain. At least two advantages of species with synaptospermic seed dispersal are seen particularly in extreme deserts: the retention of seeds in the favourable microhabitat where the mother plant had successfully completed its life cycle; and the protection of these seeds against seed collectors during the period from seed maturation to germi...

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Section: Long-term Changes During Dry Storage and Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Germination in Desert Plants

Gutterman

1993

Adaptations of Desert Organisms

318

188

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“…-(b) Efect of Storage El?uirom?enf and Seed Age Major changes in the germinability of annual ryegrass seed were found to occur within 9 weeks of harvest (Table I). This result is typical of the dormancy pattern found in seeds of many temperate grass species which after-ripen rapidly in dry storage (Barton 1965). Of greater importance for predicting dormancy changes with seed age under field conditions is the finding that the after-ripening process, as manifested in germinability at a temperature of 24112°C (Table 2), is largely unaffected by widely differing storage environments.…”

Section: (A) Effects Of Temperature and Light On Germinationmentioning

confidence: 54%

Germination of annual ryegrass seeds (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) as influenced by temperature, light, storage environment, and age

Gramshaw¹

1972

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

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Germination of Lolium rigidum seeds, in the light (12 hr day length) and in the dark, at constant temperatures of 12, 18, and 24°C and an alternating temperature of 24/12" (12112 hr), was studied in freshly harvested seeds and in seeds stored for 18 weeks. In freshly harvested seeds the highest germinability (80%) was recorded at 12' in either light or dark and at 24/12' in the light. After 18 weeks' storage, a germinability of between 95 and 100% was observed at 12" and 24/12" in the dark and at 24' and 24/12' in the light.In another experiment in which seeds from a different source were used, seeds kept in six different environments and recovered at 3-weekly intervals during a 21 week post-harvest period were examined for germinability and germination rate. The six environments were: storage in a room, storage in a 60/15"C temperature cabinet, and four field treatments in which seeds were buried 0 . 2 and 1 . 0 cm under both a bare and a mulched soil surface. Germination was tested in the light and in the dark at an alternating temperature of 24/12". Major increases in seed germinability with age occurred during the first 9 weeks after harvest. The different environments influenced the relationship between seed age and germinability only during the first 9 weeks. Seeds located 0 . 2 cm beneath either a bare or a mulched soil surface during summer germinated at a faster rate than seeds kept in the other environments.These findings are discussed in relation to the germination behaviour of seeds in the field. Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) is a common component of annual pastures in southern Australia. In a ley farming system, a proportion of the seed population can remain ungerminated after the first seasonal rains and during cultivations (McGowan 1970). These seeds may germinate later in crops and create a serious weed problem (Pearce and Quinlivan 1971). Ryegrass infestations as low as 400 plants m-2 can markedly reduce grain yields (Lumb and McPherson 1964).

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“…It is known that germination characteristics are affected by the environment of the parent plant (Barton, 1965;Koller, 1972). It would, therefore, be interesting to ascertain whether seeds produced in the field have similar germination responses.…”

Section: A Leck / 345mentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination in Barrow, Alaska, Tundra Soil Cores

Leck¹

1980

Arctic and Alpine Research

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. INSTAAR, University of Colorado andThe Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate, contracting on behalf of the University of Colorado at Boulder for the benefit of INSTAAR are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Arctic and Alpine Research.ABSTRACT Soil cores, collected at Barrow, Alaska, in 1972, were frozen for 6 yr and then placed in a growth chamber or greenhouse. Chrysosplenium tetrandrum (Saxifragaceae) seedlings, 204.8 m-2 in the growth chamber and 39.2 m-2 in the greenhouse, were recorded. Distribution of seeds was patchy with 25 of 36 surface (0 to 8 cm) cores yielding no seedlings. No seedlings appeared in subsurface (8 to 16 cm) cores. In addition to these seedlings, six species of mosses, fruiting bodies of two species of fungi, and several algae were observed. Germination of C. tetrandrum seeds collected from growth chamber plants showed that 33% germinated within 2 wk after harvest. Germination after cold treatment (-10?C) was 55%, but, if cold treatment were preceded by a 3-d moist after-ripening period, germination was increased to 80%. Presence of fruit parts decreased germination (55 to 9% and 80 to 26% for non-after-ripened and after-ripened seeds, respectively). The data suggests the presence of allelochemics in the soil cores and in fruit parts surrounding the seeds. Soil cores could be used for other studies, including rates of recolonization, and such studies should utilize controlled environments.

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Seed dormancy: General survey of dormancy types in seeds, and dormancy imposed by external agents

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Seed Germination in Desert Plants

Seed Germination in Desert Plants

Germination of annual ryegrass seeds (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) as influenced by temperature, light, storage environment, and age

Germination in Barrow, Alaska, Tundra Soil Cores

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