Seed coats as an alternative molecular factory: thinking outside the box

Francoz, Edith; Lepiniec, Loïc

doi:10.1007/s00497-018-0345-2

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…We have detected four genes active in flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways leading either to flavonoids or via polymerization to lignins impregnating the seed coat [12,62]. Notably, homologue genes were detected when comparing dormant and non-dormant pea seed coat expression [63]. Furthermore, hydrolytic enzymes such as xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase, xylogalacturonan β-1,3-xylosyltransferase involved in plant cell wall modification were identified.…”

Section: Genetic Basis Of Seed Dormancy Release In Legumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Dormancy Release in Medicago truncatula Seeds Is Related to Environmental Variations

Renzi

Duchoslav

Brus

et al. 2020

Plants

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Seed dormancy and timing of its release is an important developmental transition determining the survival of individuals, populations, and species in variable environments. Medicago truncatula was used as a model to study physical seed dormancy at the ecological and genetics level. The effect of alternating temperatures, as one of the causes releasing physical seed dormancy, was tested in 178 M. truncatula accessions over three years. Several coefficients of dormancy release were related to environmental variables. Dormancy varied greatly (4–100%) across accessions as well as year of experiment. We observed overall higher physical dormancy release under more alternating temperatures (35/15 °C) in comparison with less alternating ones (25/15 °C). Accessions from more arid climates released dormancy under higher experimental temperature alternations more than accessions originating from less arid environments. The plasticity of physical dormancy can probably distribute the germination through the year and act as a bet-hedging strategy in arid environments. On the other hand, a slight increase in physical dormancy was observed in accessions from environments with higher among-season temperature variation. Genome-wide association analysis identified 136 candidate genes related to secondary metabolite synthesis, hormone regulation, and modification of the cell wall. The activity of these genes might mediate seed coat permeability and, ultimately, imbibition and germination.

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Section: Genetic Basis Of Seed Dormancy Release In Legumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Dormancy Release in Medicago truncatula Seeds Is Related to Environmental Variations

Renzi

Duchoslav

Brus

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…The pericarp and the seed coat are the maternal layers surrounding the kernel that produce and accumulate desired molecules and regulate nutrient transport to the kernel during seed development on the mother tree (Sano et al, 2016; Li et al, 2018a). They also have other functions such as providing chemical and mechanical protection as well as defining final seed size and shape (Francoz, Lepiniec & North, 2018; Li et al, 2018b). Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich, widely distributed in the south provinces in China, has great potential as a biodiesel species as it has a seed kernel with high oil content (nearly 60%), excellent fatty acid (FA) composition (high oleic and linoleic acid contents), and good fuel properties which satisfies the biodiesel standards of China (GB/T 20828), the European Union (EN 14214), Germany (DIN V51606), and the USA (ASTM D6751) (Zhang et al, 2018a; Wu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nutrient distribution in the continuum of the pericarp, seed coat, and kernel during Styrax tonkinensis fruit development

Zhang

Peng

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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BackgroundStyrax tonkinensis is a great potential biofuel as the species contains seeds with a particularly high oil content. Understanding the nutrient distribution in different parts of the fruit is imperative for the development and enhancement of S. tonkinensis as a biodiesel feedstock.MethodsFrom 30 to 140 days after flowering (DAF), the development of S. tonkinensis fruit was tracked. The morphology change, nutrient content, and activity of associated enzymes in the continuum of the pericarp, seed coat, and kernel were analyzed.ResultsBetween 30 and 70 DAF, the main locus of dry matter deposition shifted from the seed coat to the kernel. The water content within the pericarp remained high throughout development, but at the end (130 DAF later) decreased rapidly. The water content within both the seed coat and the kernel consistently declined over the course of the fruit development (30–110 DAF). Between 70 and 80 DAF, the deposition centers for sugar, starch, protein, potassium, and magnesium was transferred to the kernel from either the pericarp or the seed coat. The calcium deposition center was transferred first from pericarp to the seed coat and then to the kernel before it was returned to the pericarp. The sucrose to hexose ratio in the seed coat increased between 30 and 80 DAF, correlating with the accumulation of total soluble sugar, starch, and protein. In the pericarp, the sucrose to hexose ratio peaked at 40 and 100 DAF, correlating with the reserve deposition in the following 20–30 days. After 30 DAF, the chlorophyll concentration of both the pericarp and the seed coat dropped. The maternal unit (the pericarp and the seed coat) in fruit showed a significant positive linear relationship between chlorophyll b/a and the concentration of total soluble sugar. The potassium content had significant positive correlation with starch (ρ = 0.673, p = 0.0164), oil (ρ = 0.915, p = 0.000203), and protein content (ρ = 0.814, p = 0.00128), respectively. The concentration of magnesium had significant positive correlation with starch (ρ = 0.705, p = 0.0104), oil (ρ = 0.913, p = 0.000228), and protein content (ρ = 0.896, p = 0.0000786), respectively. Calcium content had a significant correlation with soluble sugar content (ρ = 0.585, p = 0.0457).ConclusionsDuring the fruit development of S. tonkinensis, the maternal unit, that is, the pericarp and seed coat, may act a nutrient buffer storage area between the mother tree and the kernel. The stage of 70–80 DAF is an important time in the nutrient distribution in the continuum of the pericarp, seed coat, and kernel. Our results described the metabolic dynamics of the continuum of the pericarp, seed coat, and kernel and the contribution that a seed with high oil content offers to biofuel.

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“…The authors attributed this effect to the release of growth-promoting substances from dead floral bracts. These dead structures function as long-term storage for hundreds of proteins that are released upon hydration to assist in food hydrolysis and detoxification of reactive oxygen species and nutrients [3,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding Brachypodium hybridum Grains on Germination and Seedling Growth

El‐Keblawy

Elgabra

Mosa

et al. 2019

Plants

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Several studies have assessed the function and significance of the presence of dead, hardened husks on germination and seedling growth in several grass species and reached to inconsistent results. Here, we assess the roles of husks (dead lemma and palea) and an inner membrane surrounding the grains on germination behaviour and seedling growth of Brachypodium hybridum, one of three species of the genetic model B. distachyon complex, in an arid mountain of Arabia. The interactive effects between temperature and the incubation light were assessed on germination of husked and dehusked-demembraned grains. Germination and seedling growth were assessed for different combinations of grain treatments (soaked and non-soaked husked, dehusked-membraned and dehusked-demembraned). Dehusked-demembraned grains were also germinated in different dormancy regulating compounds (DRCs) and light qualities (light, dark and different red: far red [R: FR] ratios). The results indicated an insignificant difference between husked and dehusked-membraned grains on final germination and the germination rate index (GRI), with the former producing significantly bigger seedlings. Removal of the inner-membrane resulted in a significant reduction in all traits. Soaking grains in water resulted in significant enhancements in germination and seedling growth of only husked grains. Husked-membraned and demembraned grains germinated more significantly and faster at lower rather than higher temperatures. None of different concentrations of several DRCs succeeded in enhancing final germination of dehusked-demembraned grains. Red-rich light significantly enhanced germination of dehusked-membraned grains in comparison to other light qualities. It could be concluded that the role of husks is to mainly enhance seedling growth, while the major role of the membrane is to increase final germination. The ability of red-rich light in enhancing the germination of dehusked-membraned but not dehusked-demembraned grains suggest a role for the inner membrane in regulating dormancy through differential filtering of light properties.

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Seed coats as an alternative molecular factory: thinking outside the box

Cited by 24 publications

References 174 publications

Physical Dormancy Release in Medicago truncatula Seeds Is Related to Environmental Variations

Physical Dormancy Release in Medicago truncatula Seeds Is Related to Environmental Variations

The nutrient distribution in the continuum of the pericarp, seed coat, and kernel during Styrax tonkinensis fruit development

Roles of Hardened Husks and Membranes Surrounding Brachypodium hybridum Grains on Germination and Seedling Growth

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