Seed-bank development, germination and early seedling survival of two seagrass species from The Netherlands: Zostera marina L. and Zostera noltii hornem

Hootsmans, M. J. M.; Vermaat, Jan E.; Vierssen, W. van

doi:10.1016/0304-3770(87)90005-2

Cited by 157 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Harrison (1991) detected no effect of light or temperature on breaking the physiological dormancy of Z. marina seeds, in contrast to previous workers, but recorded more successful germination in reduced salinity. Hootsmans et al (1987) had reported previously that germination of Z. marina was promoted by higher temperatures in the range of 10-30 o C. For Z. noltii, Loques et al (1990) noted that in experiments germination was increased by low salinity (1-10), with no germination at salinities above 20, and that temperature had no effect. Burial may re- duce the survival of seedlings if they, or the seeds, were buried deep enough to prevent access to the surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effects of the polychaete Nereis diversicolor on the distribution and transplanting success of Zostera noltii

Hughes¹,

Lloyd²,

Ball³

et al. 2000

Helgoland Marine Research

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Loss of saltmarsh vegetation in south-east England is a significant problem for conservation and coastal defence. The losses of vegetation began in the 1930s with the loss of intertidal Zostera marina and have continued more recently. Some preliminary trials at reestablishing Zostera in some estuaries of Essex have not been successful. This paper addresses the hypothesis that the infauna, particularly the polychaete Nereis diversicolor, may restrict natural colonisation by Zostera and reduce the success of transplanting trials. In field experiments, Z. noltii were transplanted into areas where Nereis were common, close to an established seagrass bed and into two other estuaries. The transplants protected from the effects of the polychaetes by netting had a higher survival rate, lower index of root damage and greater biomass at the end of the experiments than those that were unprotected. In laboratory experiments, Nereis reduced the survival of Z. noltii. They were observed grasping the leaves and pulling them into their burrows. These results indicate that herbivory and disturbance by N. diversicolor is responsible, at least in part, for the restriction of the distribution of Z. noltii and may have been important in limiting the success of previous transplanting experiments. A hypothesis is proposed which states that there are two stable states on the upper mudflats. One state is dominated by plants, including Zostera spp., which prevent colonisation by burrowing infauna, and the other is dominated by infauna which prevent colonisation by plants. Managing these two states could be the key to re-establishing the early successional stages of saltmarsh development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effects of the polychaete Nereis diversicolor on the distribution and transplanting success of Zostera noltii

Hughes¹,

Lloyd²,

Ball³

et al. 2000

Helgoland Marine Research

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“…In contrast, Church111 (1992) found that seeds of Z. marina germinated and retained under anaerobic conditions did not develop properly. Hootsmans et al (1987) also found little survival of Z. marina seeds after 30 d under anaerobic conditions. Here, seeds were covered with some form of organic material for 1 mo, which may have resulted in toxic sulfide conditions (not mea-sured) that may not have reflected natural conditions.…”

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The majority of studies have demonstrated increased germination at reduced salinities (Zostera noltii, Hootsmans et al 1987, Loques et al 1990; Cymodocea nodosa, Caye & Meinesz 1986).…”

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…McMillan (1987McMillan ( , 1988b found light to be an important inducer of germination for both Halophila engelmanii and H. decipiens, while Birch (1981) reported germination of H. spinulosa seeds under both light and dark conditions. In contrast, light has not been considered important in the germination process for Zostera japonica (Bigley 1981) and Z. marina (Tutin 1938, Hootsmans et al 1987, Harrison 1991, Moore et al 1993.…”

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orth PhiIIips et al (1983) Fukuda et al (1984) Gates (1984) Robertson & Mann (1984) Bodnar (1985 Kawasaki et al (1985) Takaba (1985) Hootsmans et al (1987) Kawasaki (1987) Kawasaki et al (1988) Harrison (1991) Churchill (1992 Murra y & Larkum ( 1 992) Harrison (1 993) Kawasaki (1993) Moore et al (1993) Olesen & Sand-Jensen (1994 Ruckelshaus (1994) van Lent & Verschuure (1995) Harwell & Orth (1999) Santamaria-Gallegos et al (1999Hootsmans et al (1987 Loques et al (1988) Loques et al (1990) Buia & Mazzella (1991 Goubin & Loques (1991) Harrison (1993) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of issues in seagrass seed dormancy and germination:implications for conservation and restoration

Orth¹,

Harwell²,

Bailey³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

183

116

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Seagrasses have received considerable attention over the past 2 decades because of the multiple ecological roles they play in estuarine and coastal ecosystems and concerns over worldwide losses of seagrass habitat due to direct and indirect human impacts. Restoration and conservation efforts are underway in some areas of the world, but progress may be limited by the paucity of information on the role of seeds in bed dynamics. Although flowering occurs in most of the 58 seagrass species, seed germination data exist for only 19 of the 42 species that have some period of dormancy, with only 93 published references to field and/or laboratory studies. This review addresses critical issues in conservation and restoration of seagrasses involving seed dormancy (e.g. environmental vs physiological), existence and type of seed bank (transient or persistent), and factors influencing seed germination (e.g. salinity, temperature, light). Results of many earlier published studies relating seed germination to various environmental factors may need re-examination given more recent published data which show a confounding influence of oxygen level on the germination process. We highlight the importance of conducting ecologically meaningful germination studies, including germination experiments conducted in sediments. We also identify questions for future research that may figure prominently in landscape level questions regarding protected marine or estuarine reserves, habitat fragmentation, and restoration.

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Additive response to multiple environmental stressors in the seagrass Zostera marina L.

Moreno‐Marín

Brun

Pedersen

2018

Limnology & Oceanography

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Ongoing climate changes alter a broad range environmental variables in coastal ecosystems, which may lead to changes in species range distributions or collapse of populations. It is often assumed that changes in environmental parameters affect organisms in a nonadditive way and multifactorial experiments are therefore needed to obtain a better prediction of the effects of climate change. We studied experimentally how combinations of high temperature, low light and high nitrogen (HN) availability affect eelgrass (Zostera marina), which is an important foundation species on the northern hemisphere. Plants were cultured under optimal (15°C) and high (25°C) temperature, limiting and saturating light, and low and high ammonium availability in a 3‐factorial design. We found that individual exposure to heat and shade, respectively, had a negative effect on eelgrass while the effect of exposure to HN‐availability alone was less harmful. Exposure to combinations of two or three stressors simultaneously had a stronger (negative) effect on eelgrass than exposure to each stressor individually, but the combined effects of exposure to multiple stressors were largely similar to the expected additive responses. A synergetic effect was only found in case of mortality when eelgrass plants were exposed to all three stressors simultaneously. The effects of exposure to single or multiple stressors could largely be explained from alterations in the C‐budget of the plants: exposure to one or more stressors lowered the acquisition of C, drained the C‐reserves and sometimes allocated energy to defense or repair processes instead of growth resulting in reduced growth and higher mortality.

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Seed-bank development, germination and early seedling survival of two seagrass species from The Netherlands: Zostera marina L. and Zostera noltii hornem

Cited by 157 publications

References 15 publications

The effects of the polychaete Nereis diversicolor on the distribution and transplanting success of Zostera noltii

The effects of the polychaete Nereis diversicolor on the distribution and transplanting success of Zostera noltii

A review of issues in seagrass seed dormancy and germination:implications for conservation and restoration

Additive response to multiple environmental stressors in the seagrass Zostera marina L.

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