Seed and seedling quality of three chilis (Capsicum annuum L.) native to Oaxaca, Mexico

Abstract

The diversity of chilis in Oaxaca is one of the most extensive in Mexico. Growers select seeds in the traditional manner; information on its quality is unknown. The aim of this research was to compare the physical and physiological quality of seeds and seedlings of three native types to chili (Huacle, De agua and Pasilla) and of the commercial Green pepper as control. Fifteen variables were evaluated in seed and twelve in seedlings. The laboratory experiments were established under a completely randomized design. Means of the variables were compared using the Tukey test (α=0.05). Results showed that Pasilla chili had the highest values in seed size and weight, which was 1.44 g heavier than the control and 2.09 to 3.73 g higher than native types. Haucle chili and green pepper had a 90% germination rate, while chili De agua and Pasilla chili had germination rates of 51 and 38%, respectively. Huacle chili had the highest germination rate index (29.89) and seedling vigor index (992.25). The top highest values of number of normal seedlings were obtained in the control and Huacle chili seedlings (72 and 88%); also, the latter had the longest plumule (3.36 cm) and radicle (7.67 cm) values. Both Huacle and Pasilla chili seedlings had larger values in height, stem thickness, number of leaves, leaf area and slenderness index than De agua and Green pepper. Huacle chili had good physical and physiological quality similar to the seeds of the commercial Green pepper.

Performance and seed quality of several open pollinated chili seed lots

“…It can conclude that the lower the seed moisture content, the lower the 1000-seed weight on the same variety. This is in accordance with [26] which states that the 1000-seed weight is influenced by genetics/varieties [33,34] not by lot number. The study's results also revealed that the 1000-seed weight is also affected by water content.…”

“…It indicates variations in the size of chili seed varieties tested; however, there is no significant difference between lots of one variety. Genetics/variety influence seed length and width [33,34]. The length of the 22 lots tested chilli seeds ranged from 3.22 -3.81 mm.…”

The potential and the quality of several open pollinated chili varieties seed production

“…Germination is influenced by many things, including genotype/variety [25,56], the physical condition of the plant, age/time of harvest [24,57,58], method of seed extraction [51,52,58], capsaicin content [24], etc. The germination percentage of each variety or lot in this study was different.…”

“…Information related to seeds of various chili such as Habanero chili and Katokkon chili (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) [22,23], Ancho and Guajillo chili (Capsicum annuum L.) [24][25][26], Capsicum frutescens L. [27,28], Capsicum baccatum [29] have been reported. Likewise, reports related to seed productions of local chili varieties (Odeng, Lanyoe, Super Amando, and Lamando Lapaben from Aceh [30]; Katokkon chili from Sulawesi [23]; Pulau Timor [31]) or nasional varieties (IPB CH1, IPB CH2, IPB CH3, IPB CH4, IPB CH5, IPB CH6, IPB CH25, IPB CH28, and IPB CH50 varieties owned by IPB University [32]; UNIB C H73, UNIB C H65, and UNIB C H13 varieties owned by Universitas Bengkulu [33]; CK5 variety owned by Universitas Padjadjaran [31]; PM999, Kiyo [34], or Arimbi [35] varieties owned by private companies have also been reported.…”

Scarification of Seeds of Capsicum chinense Jacq. With Phytohormones and Physicochemical Treatments to Improve Seedling Quality

“…The agronomic parameters evaluated were (a) days of germination and (b) percentage of germination. The latter was determined from the ratio between total seeds sown and total seeds germinated, using the formula 15,16 :…”