Seed and seedling demography of invasive and native trees of subtropical Pacific islands

Yamashita, Naoko; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Hoshi, Yoshio; Kushima, Hiromichi; Kamo, Koichi

doi:10.1658/1100-9233(2003)014[0015:sasdoi]2.0.co;2

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In contrast to the islands considered so far, alien plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates not only dominate chronically disturbed sites, but have also invaded native forests, although some of these invasions appear to have been promoted by human disturbance. Several introduced tree species threaten the native forests by competitively replacing native trees, suppressing regeneration, and dominating regrowth (Yamashita et al 2003;Hata et al 2006;Sugiura et al 2008a, b). Introduced honeybees (Apis mellifera) threaten native pollination systems by displacing endemic bees (Kato et al 1999;Abe 2006) and introduced wood-feeding beetles (Cerambycidae) have integrated into the native tree-cerambycid association matrix (Sugiura et al 2008b).…”

Section: Far-oceanic Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An introduced lizard, Anolis carolinensis threatens many native insects (Karube and Suda 2004;Abe et al 2008a). Feral cats eat native birds (Kawakami and Higuchi 2002), introduced rats eat the fruits and seeds of native trees and shrubs (Yamashita et al 2003;Abe 2007;Abe et al 2008b), and feral goats threatened native vegetation until they were controlled (Shimizu 2003).…”

Section: Far-oceanic Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Invasive aliens on tropical East Asian islands

Corlett

2009

Biodivers Conserv

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Section: Far-oceanic Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Far-oceanic Islandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive aliens on tropical East Asian islands

Corlett

2009

Biodivers Conserv

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“…Bischofia is one of the most problematic invasive species on the subtropical Ogasawara Islands in Japan, where it has high growth rates and low mortality rates (Hata et al 2006). There, the black rat is believed to be the animal responsible for the relatively high post-dispersal seed predation of Bischofia (10-50% of the seeds remained after 5 days), but such seed predation does not appear to be reducing the spread of this plant (Yamashita et al 2003). Also in the Ogasawara Islands, seeds of Casuarina stricta, which is similar to the common Casuarina in Hawaii, is frequently found with predation scars from black rats (Chiba 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frugivory by introduced black rats (Rattus rattus) promotes dispersal of invasive plant seeds

Shiels

2010

Biol Invasions

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Oceanic islands have been colonized by numerous non-native and invasive plants and animals. An understanding of the degree to which introduced rats (Rattus spp.) may be spreading or destroying seeds of invasive plants can improve our knowledge of plant-animal interactions, and assist efforts to control invasive species. Feeding trials in which fruits and seeds were offered to wild-caught rats were used to assess the effects of the most common rat, the black rat (R. rattus), on 25 of the most problematic invasive plant species in the Hawaiian Islands. Rats ate pericarps (fruit tissues) and seeds of most species, and the impacts on these plants ranged from potential dispersal of smallseeded (B1.5 mm length) species via gut passage (e.g., Clidemia hirta, Buddleia asiatica, Ficus microcarpa, Miconia calvescens, Rubus rosifolius) to predation where \15% of the seeds survived (e.g., Bischofia javanica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Prosopis pallida, Setaria palmifolia). Rats consumed proportionally more seed mass of the smaller fruits and seeds than the larger ones, but fruit and seed size did not predict seed survival following rat interactions. Although invasive rat control efforts focus on native species protection, non-native plant species, especially those with small seeds that may pass internally through rats, also deserve rat control in order to help limit the spread of such seeds. Black rats may be facilitating the spread of many of the most problematic invasive plants through frugivory and seed dispersal in Hawaii and in other ecosystems where rats and plants have been introduced.

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“…Indeed, alien trees greatly disturb insular ecosystems by altering community structure (Meyer and Florence 1996;Hughes and Denslow 2005;Tuttle et al 2009), reducing the regeneration success of native trees (Cordell et al 2009), and changing nutrient cycling (Hughes and Denslow 2005;Tuttle et al 2009). In the Ogasawara Islands, small oceanic islands in Japan, several invasive alien trees have altered both plant (Shimizu and Tabata 1985;Yamashita et al 2003) and insect (Sugiura et al 2008) communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation status on Nishi-jima Island (Ogasawara) before eradication of alien herbivore mammals: rapid expansion of an invasive alien tree,Casuarina equisetifolia(Casuarinaceae)

Abe

Yasui²,

Makino

2011

Journal of Forest Research

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Insular ecosystems can be dramatically affected by alien species, and records of pre-eradication status are essential to evaluate the effects of eradicating alien species. Nishi-jima Island is a small island of the Ogasawara group on which the first program of complete eradication of alien herbivorous mammals (black rats and feral goats) will be conducted. After eradication, the government plans to conduct ecosystem restoration on the island. This paper reports the angiosperm flora and vegetation of Nishi-jima Island before eradication of the rats and goats, with the objective of aiding ecosystem management after the eradication. Our surveys indicate that vegetation cover by the alien tree, Casuarina equisetifolia has expanded compared with its distribution in a 1974 aerial photograph of the island. The predominant vegetation in 2006 was C. equisetifolia forests and Zoysia tenuifolia grasslands, with fragmented native tree vegetation. The flora of the island comprised 69 angiosperm species (50 indigenous species) of which 30% were endemic, far less than for the Ogasawara Islands as a whole (45%). However, several populations of endangered plants remain. To restore the native ecosystem on Nishi-jima, eradication of C. equisetifolia is important in addition to eradication of alien herbivorous mammals.

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Seed and seedling demography of invasive and native trees of subtropical Pacific islands

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

Invasive aliens on tropical East Asian islands

Invasive aliens on tropical East Asian islands

Frugivory by introduced black rats (Rattus rattus) promotes dispersal of invasive plant seeds

Vegetation status on Nishi-jima Island (Ogasawara) before eradication of alien herbivore mammals: rapid expansion of an invasive alien tree,Casuarina equisetifolia(Casuarinaceae)

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