SEECR: Secure Energy Efficient and Cooperative Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is an emerging technology for exploration of underwater resources. Security plays an important role in the UWSNs environment because the environment of UWSNs is prone to different security attacks. This research proposes SEECR: Secure Energy Efficient and Cooperative Routing protocol for UWSNs. SEECR comprised of energy efficient and strong defense mechanism for combatting attacks in underwater environment. SEECR exploits cooperative routing for enhancing the performance of network. Considering the resource constrained UWSNs environment minimum computation is employed for implementing security so that SEECR remains suitable for underwater environment. In order to evaluate the performance of SEECR, this research compares the performance of SEECR with AMCTD: Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-optimized DBR-a wellknown routing protocol for UWSNs environment. The performance of SEECR and AMCTD protocols are evaluated using different performance evaluation parameters such as number of alive nodes, transmission loss, throughput, energy tax and end-to-end delay. The results suggest an improved performance of SEECR over AMCTD. SEECR shows an improvement of 9% in terms of number of alive nodes, over 50% reduction in terms of transmission loss, up to 9% increase in throughput, up to 23% reduction in energy tax, and 25% reduction in end-to-end delay. Further, we observe that attack significantly degrades the performance of AMCTD whereas due to the embedded defense mechanism in SEECR the impact of attack is negligible.

Secured Route Selection Using E-ACO in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

“…The performance of the E-ACO based routing is calculated by means of the delay, Delivery ratio, average packet drop, average energy consumption, first node die and half node die. The E-ACO based routing protocol is compared with four various methods such as SAPDA [16], SEECR [17], FRR-MFO [23] and IACO [24] in terms of the same parameters mentioned in Tab. 1.…”

“…The design of the SAPDA method was divided into two modules that are secure authentication and protected data aggregation which makes SAPDA method more complex. Saeed et al [17] presented Secure Energy Efficient and Cooperative Routing (SEECR) Protocol to prevent the UWSN from the malicious attack. The SEECR protocol deals with energy consumption and security mechanism of the UWSN to protect the UWSN from the attacker.…”

“…Moreover, the SAPDA method consumes high energy to perform the transmission operation due to its highly complex structure. The SEECR [17] method did not perform the recovery operation of the node from the malicious node. The fault resilient routing-MFO [23] technique executed secure path selection in the UWSN by using optimization technique.…”

“…In this SNR algorithm, the threshold value ST ð Þ is computed for replacing the selfish nodes as shown in Eq. (17). The selfish nodes are replaced by using the functional nodes chosen by using the GOA, when the ST is higher than zero.…”

“…Packet delivery ratio ¼ number of packages received number of packages transmitted (19) Fig. 3 represents the packet delivery ratio for E-ACO protocol and other methods such as SAPDA [16], SEECR [17], FRR-MFO [23] and IACO [24]. The packet delivery ratio of the E-ACO method is higher than the SAPDA [16], SEECR [17], FRR-MFO [23] and IACO [24].…”