Sediments exposed to high temperatures: reconstructing pyrotechnological processes in Late Bronze and Iron Age Strata at Tel Dor (Israel)

Berna, Francesco; Eliyahu-Behar, Adi; Shahack‐Gross, Ruth; Berg, John; Boaretto, Elisabetta; Gilboa, Ayelet; Sharon, Ilan; Shalev, S.; Shilstein, S.Sh.; Yahalom-Mack, Naama; Zorn, Jeffrey R.; Weiner, Steve

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.05.011

Cited by 254 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Infrared spectra of the red lenses show that some of them were exposed to temperatures between 400 and 500°C based on the absence of absorption peaks around 3600 cm Ϫ1 . For kaolinite, one of the major clay components in these sediments, these peaks disappear when the clay is exposed to temperatures above 400°C (28). Note, too, that the clay component extracted from white lenses also often showed these characteristics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Radiocarbon dating of charcoal and bone collagen associated with early pottery at Yuchanyan Cave, Hunan Province, China

Yuan

Bar‐Yosef

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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162

101

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Yuchanyan Cave in Daoxian County, Hunan Province (People's Republic of China), yielded fragmentary remains of 2 or more ceramic vessels, in addition to large amounts of ash, a rich animal bone assemblage, cobble and flake artifacts, bone tools, and shell tools. The artifacts indicate that the cave was a Late Paleolithic foragers' camp. Here we report on the radiocarbon ages of the sediments based on analyses of charcoal and bone collagen. The best-preserved charcoal and bone samples were identified by prescreening in the field and laboratory. The dates range from around 21,000 to 13,800 cal BP. We show that the age of the ancient pottery ranges between 18,300 and 15,430 cal BP. Charcoal and bone collagen samples located above and below one of the fragments produced dates of around 18,000. These ceramic potsherds therefore provide some of the earliest evidence for pottery making in China.ancient ceramics ͉ archaeology ͉ 14 C ͉ Yangzi River

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The clay may have been red colored initially or became red due to heating. Infrared analysis shows that some of these sediments were heated to temperatures between 400 and 500°C (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon dating of charcoal and bone collagen associated with early pottery at Yuchanyan Cave, Hunan Province, China

Yuan

Bar‐Yosef

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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162

101

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“…For FT-IR analyses, 30 samples were chosen, of which 14 were compared to the results obtained by SEM. FTIR samples were prepared using the potassium bromide pellet method (Berna et al 2007) and FTIR spectra were collected in the range of 4000-400 cm −1 . Van der Marel and Beutelspacher (1976) have been adopted as reference for band identification and the results interpreted following the literature on ceramics (Maniatis et al 1982(Maniatis et al , 2002Shoval 1988Shoval , 2003Shoval and Beck 2005;Maritan et al 2006;Berna et al 2007;Papadopoulou and Maniatis 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing change in firing technology during the Final Neolithic–Early Bronze Age transition in Phaistos, Crete. Just the tip of the iceberg?

Mentesana

Kilikoglou

Todaro

et al. 2017

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Changes in firing practice have been suggested as representing a revolution in ceramic technology at the beginning of the Bronze Age in Crete. The introduction of kiln structures has been held responsible for such a change, perhaps by newcomers to the island, along with other innovative technologies. However, these hypotheses were often based on limited analytical data and mostly on macroscopic examination. This paper re-examines the suggestion of a transformation in firing technology at the beginning of the Bronze Age by presenting analyses of the rich ceramic assemblage from the site of Phaistos in South-Central Crete, which offers a rare, good stratigraphic sequence from the end of the Final Neolithic into the Early Bronze Age. Here, firing technology is reconstructed by macroscopic examination of colour across vessel breaks, by SEM examination and FT-IR analysis. This allows the reconstruction of temperature ranges and firing rates over the phases considered and a re-assessment of changes in firing technology, revealing a more multi-faceted pattern of change. Finally, changes in firing procedure are contextualised in the overall ceramic operational sequence, revealing a complex, stepped picture of change in ceramic production over the transition from the Final Neolithic.

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“…In the case of carbonate samples produced by pyrotechnology, the context is generally very secure because such specimens are not formed during normal geological processes. 24,25 However, screening the samples, especially to recognize and account for diagenetic processes, is not a simple task. 26 …”

Section: An Introduction To Radiocarbon Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Science Challenges in Radiocarbon Dating: The Case of Archaeological Plasters

Poduska

2013

JOM

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Structural, compositional, and isotopic characterization techniques are critically important to help identify pristine materials that are suitable for accurate and precise radiocarbon dating. Lime plasters, cements, and mortars are ideal materials for establishing firm and secure dates in the archaeological record as human-constructed living surfaces and installations. However, the often complex composite structures of plasters and their susceptibility to diagenetic processes have impeded the development of a reliable and reproducible method to identify the best specimens for dating. In this article we present an overview of the plaster production process and the radiocarbon dating method. We explain how material characterization techniques and radiocarbon dating can be integrated to make progress toward the ultimate goal of relating radiocarbon concentrations with environmental, sample preparation, and/or diagenetic conditions in which the plaster existed. A key aspect of this strategy relies on implementing material characterization techniques in the field, during an excavation, to help establish the archaeological context in which datable material is recovered.

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Sediments exposed to high temperatures: reconstructing pyrotechnological processes in Late Bronze and Iron Age Strata at Tel Dor (Israel)

Cited by 254 publications

References 23 publications

Radiocarbon dating of charcoal and bone collagen associated with early pottery at Yuchanyan Cave, Hunan Province, China

Radiocarbon dating of charcoal and bone collagen associated with early pottery at Yuchanyan Cave, Hunan Province, China

Reconstructing change in firing technology during the Final Neolithic–Early Bronze Age transition in Phaistos, Crete. Just the tip of the iceberg?

Materials Science Challenges in Radiocarbon Dating: The Case of Archaeological Plasters

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