Sedimentology of the Shiranish Formation in the Mergasur area, Iraqi Kurdistan

Abdula, Rzger A.; Balaky, Sardar M.; Miran, Alan; Muhamad, Choman; Khailany, Rebwar; Muhammad, Mahmud

doi:10.7186/bgsm65201804

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The present study is the first to document calciturbidite in the Zagros orogenic belt during the Late Cretaceous. All the previous literatures defined Shiranish Formation as of pelagite origin characterized by microfaunas and ammonites [1,2,9]. The present study has five significant outcomes; the first is the introduction of caliciturbidite facies which indicated transportation of carbonate sediments and deposition in deep basin by turbidity currents.…”

Section: Demirkan Section (Sharazoor Plain Section)mentioning

confidence: 66%

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Campanian Calciturbidites from Northeast Iraq, Kurdistan Region: Insight into Paleogeography and Source Areas of the Shiranish Formation

Kamil

Al-Dulaimi

Karim

2021

eijs

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Calciturbidites are similar to siliciclastic turbidites in structure, texture, basin physiography and processes of deposition; nevertheless, their clasts (grains) are carbonate minerals. Turbidity currents transport carbonate grains from carbonate source areas and coastal areas to the deep basins after passing the shelf (peri-platform). These currents are triggered by short-lived catastrophic events, such as tsunamis, earthquakes, marine slides, and typhoons. The Late Cretaceous Zagros Foreland and Hinterland in NE-Iraq (Kurdistan Region) was an active source for the shedding of voluminous sediments to the deep basin of Zagros Foreland Basin. During late Campanian, Shiranish Formation was deposited in the foreland basin; it occurs in the most famous oil fields in the Middle East and represents hemplagite facies (much diluted turbidite facies). Previous studies have not broached the origins of Shiranish Formation, neither in detail or briefly. Conversely, the present study focused on linking the calciturbidite system to the origin of the deposition of the Shiranish Formation via derivation from main carbonate source areas. Along long distance, the sediments crossed the marginal slope, scoring submarine channels and depositing coarse detrital carbonates before reaching the basin plain. On the plain, mostly the fine fractions have settled down and mixed with pelagic sediment. The calciturbidite evidence could be tracked for more than 40 km in the studied area from the slope and outer shelf (present Thrust Zone) to the basin plain (High Folded zone). In several places, channelized detrital laminated limestones are found inside Shiranish Formation and in the most proximal area near Qaladiza town. Bouma sequences are clearly observable with erosional base and A, B, and C divisions. These calciturbidites are keys for picturing Campanian paleogeography and nature of the source area which was consisted of limestone.

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Section: Demirkan Section (Sharazoor Plain Section)mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Similarly, an earlier work [8] defined the environment as a middle shelf to middle bathyal depositional one. Abdula et al [9] concluded a deep basinal, pelagic (open marine), frequently reducing euxinic environment of Shiranish Formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campanian Calciturbidites from Northeast Iraq, Kurdistan Region: Insight into Paleogeography and Source Areas of the Shiranish Formation

Kamil

Al-Dulaimi

Karim

2021

eijs

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“…At Hijran section, the upper contact of the formation is conformable with the Aaliji Formation (Aba-Hussan, 1983), and also with Tanjero Formation in Sulaimani and Erbil areas and in the Shkawtua village near Mergasur town (Lawa, 2018: Abdula, 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The Shiranish Formation in Shkawtua village of North Iraq consists of mixed siliciclastic and carbonate strata interpreted as an outer shelf open marine (basinal) depositional environment, and suggests an Upper Cretaceous age of the formation (Abdula et al, 2018). Al-Maamari & Al-Badrani (2019) studied the calcareous nannofossils of Shiranish Formation from well K-306 at northern Iraq and determined five biozones that refer to the upper Campanian Maastrichtian age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphic And Microfacies Study Of Upper Campanian - Lower Maastrichtian Succession (Shiranish Formation) In Bade Village, Bekhere Anticline, Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq

Malak¹,

Al-Badrani²

2021

BGSM

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The Upper Cretaceous Shiranish Formation outcropped close to Bade village and Bekhere anticline, Kurdistan region at northern Iraq and consists of alternating mixed tough grey limestone, marly limestone, marl beds interpreted as a middle - outer shelf – upper bathyal environments (basinal) depositional environment. Fifteen thin sections were studied under a polarized microscope to find out the petrographic component, fauna content, and for microfacies analysis. The major petrographic constituents are fossils, bioclastic grains, micrite matrix, and extraclast (quartz grains). Planktic foraminifera and nannofossils are the major particles within wackestone and packstone microfacies types. The planktonic foraminifera biozones from previous study (such as Globotruncana aegyptiaca, Gansserina gansseri, Racemiguembelina fructicosa, Plummerita hantkeninoides) and the recorded calcareous nannofossils biozones of Broinsonia parca, Reinhardtites levis, Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis, suggest a late Campanian to late Maastrichtian age.

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“…According to the latter age, the Bekhme Formation is separable from Aqra, Tanjero and Shiranish formations both spatially and temporally. The four formations cropped out in the Soran area (see Sissakian, 1997;Abdula et al, 2018b) and their separation is due to exposure in different stratigraphic positions. Thick succession of Tanjero and Shiranish formations (more than 500 m thick) separated the Aqra from Bekhme Formation in the Soran area where they have the age of Maastrichtian and Turonian-Middle Campanian as seen from Figure 13.…”

Section: Reasons For Assigning Turonian-middle Campanian Age For Bekh...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence And Relationship Of The Aqra, Bekhme And Govanda Formations In The Soran (Rawanduz) Area, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq

Karim¹,

Daoud²,

Abdula³

et al. 2022

BGSM

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The present study focuses on the presentation of field and laboratory evidences for the first record of the Aqra Formation (Maastrichtian) outcrop at the top of the Tanjero Formation in the Soran area, Erbil Governorate. The previous studies indicated its outcrops as Middle Miocene Govanda Formation between Merga Red Bed Series and Tanjero Formation. The present study discusses relations of this outcrop with Govanda and Bekhme formations in the Sulaimani and Duhok governorates in terms of environment and tectonics. In the Soran area, the formation has variable thickness ranging between 2-160 m and underlies either Red Bed Series or Govanda Formation (Middle Miocene). The study documented many stratigraphic and paleontological evidences to prove occurrence of the Aqra Formation in the area. Additionally, we discussed the significance of its occurrence in detail by which many tectonic and stratigraphic issues of the area are unlocked. One of the issues is occurrence of Tanjero Formation between the Aqra and Bekhme formations and it separates the two formations in two different age ranges and tectonic episodes. Another issue is the documentation of the occurrence of the Aqra Formation inside the Thrust Zone by which the distribution of the formation is extendable beyond Main Zagros Thrust Fault. The study includes a detailed stratigraphic column and tectonic model of the formation to show the coastal area, patchy reef, and shelf environment of the Aqra Formation.

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Sedimentology of the Shiranish Formation in the Mergasur area, Iraqi Kurdistan

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Campanian Calciturbidites from Northeast Iraq, Kurdistan Region: Insight into Paleogeography and Source Areas of the Shiranish Formation

Campanian Calciturbidites from Northeast Iraq, Kurdistan Region: Insight into Paleogeography and Source Areas of the Shiranish Formation

Stratigraphic And Microfacies Study Of Upper Campanian - Lower Maastrichtian Succession (Shiranish Formation) In Bade Village, Bekhere Anticline, Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq

Occurrence And Relationship Of The Aqra, Bekhme And Govanda Formations In The Soran (Rawanduz) Area, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq

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