Sedimentology of Coal and Coal‐Bearing Sequences of North America: A Historical Review

Rahmani, R. A.; Flores, Romeo M.

doi:10.1002/9781444303797.ch1

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Collinson and Scott 1987;McCabe 1984McCabe , 1987Rahmani and Flores 1984;Scott 1987). The reason for this dilemma is that coal science is a complex subject.…”

Section: Prefacementioning

confidence: 94%

“…the operational independence enjoyed by the autosedimentational depositional models of the "postcyclothem era" (Rahmani and Flores 1984) will have to be somewhat restrained by reaffirming the fundamental importance of eustatic sea-level changes on depositional trends in coastal environments. The question of marine influence on coal seams will be discussed in reference to the contrasting composition of some back barrier coals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Coal-Bearing Depositional Systems

Diessel¹

1992

401

416

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“…Collinson and Scott 1987;McCabe 1984McCabe , 1987Rahmani and Flores 1984;Scott 1987). The reason for this dilemma is that coal science is a complex subject.…”

Section: Prefacementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Coal-Bearing Depositional Systems

Diessel¹

1992

401

416

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“…The sequences comprise a set of facies that may be differentiated clearly from those formed in both recent and ancient swampy lakes associated with fluvial systems under humid climates (Ethridge & Flores, 1981;Collinson & Lewin, 1983;Rahmani & Flores, 1984). In contrast to some examples of freshwater lake deposits developed on floodplains (e.g.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Deposits Of Short-lived Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Devonian and Triassic of northwest Europe (Friend & Moody-Stuart, 1970), Eocene of northeast Spain (Nickel, 1982), Devonian of eastern USA (Demicco et al, 1987), or associated with coals (Beaumont, 1979;Flores, 1981;Rahmani & Flores, 1984). Carbonate deposited in either permanent or intermittent bodies of open standing water is usually recorded as discontinuous beds of reduced extent between floodplain mudstones (Demicco et al, 1987;Yuretich, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonate pond deposits related to semi‐arid alluvial systems: examples from the Tertiary Madrid Basin, Spain

1995

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Carbonate pond deposits occur associated with alluvial sediments in Miocene sequences of the Madrid Basin, central Spain. The ponds developed near the basin margins, either in floodplain environments (north) or mud‐flat settings (south). Three main facies assemblages are recognized: (1) floodplain/mud‐flat, (2) palaeosols and (3) pond deposits. In the northern part of the basin, ponds developed on the floodplain of terminal fluvial systems. The floodplain facies are typically red mudstones with interbedded sandstones and siltstones. Palaeosols associated with the ponds show a pedofacies relationship, the maturity of soils increasing with distance from the main channel. Carbonate pond deposits consist mainly of limestones, which display typical ‘palustrine’features. The formation and further accumulation of carbonate in the ponds took place in periods of reduced clastic sediment input and it is suggested that recharge into the pond areas was mainly from groundwater. In the south, ponds developed on mud‐flats located between sheet‐flood‐dominated alluvial fans and evaporite lakes. Mud‐flat facies consist of red mudstone that exhibits evidence of progressive soil development near both edges and beneath the carbonate pond lenses. Carbonate in the ponds is mainly dolomite and comprises two subfacies, mottled and laminated dolomicrites. This mineralogy, together with the presence of gypsum crusts below and in the lower part of the carbonate body, suggests higher evaporation rates and/or more saline waters filling the ponds in this part of the basin. In spite of differences in depositional setting and, to some extent, climatic conditions between the two areas of the basin, both facies associations and the sequential arrangement of the ponds show strong similarities that allow the proposal of a facies model for carbonate pond deposits related to semi‐arid alluvial systems. The sequences recognized from the pond deposits record a set of facies clearly different to those forming in swampy lakes associated with many permanent fluvial systems developed in more humid climates.

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“…However, although a direct or indirect link of these features with fluvial processes has generally been accepted, the prediction of seam discontinuities and geological hazards often failed due to a lack of a proper understanding of the fluvial origin of these coal-bearing rocks. Recognition of channel and floodplain deposits is an important step towards understanding the alluvial sedimentary environment and its influence on the formation of coal deposits (Rahmani & Flores 1984;Flores et al 1985Flores et al , 1993McCabe 1984McCabe , 1987. Coal seam geometry, lateral continuity and quality depend to a high degree on the type of fluvial environment in which the coals were deposited.…”

Section: Previous Studies Of Depositional Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the influence of syn-sedimentary tectonics and palaeo-fluvial systems on coal seam and sand body characteristics in the Westphalian C strata, Campine Basin, Belgium

Dreesen

Bossiroy

Dusar³

et al. 1995

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The Westphalian C strata found in the northeastern part of the former Belgian coal district (Campine Basin), which is part of an extensive northwest European paralic coal basin, are considered. The thickness and lateral continuity of the Westphalian C coal seams vary considerably stratigraphicaUy and areaUy. Sedimentological facies analysis of borehole cores indicates that the deposition of Westphalian C coal-bearing strata was controlled by fluvial depositional systems whose architectures were ruled by local subsidence rates. The local subsidence rates may be related to major faults, which were intermittently reactivated during deposition. Lateral changes in coal seam groups are also reflected by marked variations of their seismic signatures. Westphalian C fluvial depositional systems include moderate to low sinuosity braided and anastomosed river systems. Stable tectonic conditions on upthrown, fault-bounded platforms favoured deposition by braided rivers and the associated development of relatively thick, laterally continuous coal seams in raised mires. In contrast, rapidly subsiding downthrown fault blocks favoured aggradation, probably by anastomosed rivers and the development of relatively thin, highly discontinuous coal seams in topogenous mires.

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Sedimentology of Coal and Coal‐Bearing Sequences of North America: A Historical Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Coal-Bearing Depositional Systems

Coal-Bearing Depositional Systems

Carbonate pond deposits related to semi‐arid alluvial systems: examples from the Tertiary Madrid Basin, Spain

Overview of the influence of syn-sedimentary tectonics and palaeo-fluvial systems on coal seam and sand body characteristics in the Westphalian C strata, Campine Basin, Belgium

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