Sedimentology and extinction patterns across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary interval in east Texas

Hansen, Thor A.; Farrand, R. B.; Montgomery, H.; Billman, Harold G.; Blechschmidt, G.

doi:10.1016/0195-6671(87)90023-1

Cited by 79 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…2), suggesting that it was formed in a rapid depositional event (19). This material was probably initially deposited as the settling tail-end of the impact-induced tsunami/ seiche (21,22) and subsequently resuspended during postimpact storms (23,29). Such storms might have been triggered by the enhanced contrast between warm oceans and cold atmosphere during an impact winter (13).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) (21,22). The upper Maastrichtian fossiliferous shales of the Corsicana Formation (Unit A) (22,23) are overlain by the basal part of the Paleocene Kincaid Formation, consisting of a sequence of sandstone layers yielding multiple types of clasts and shell debris (Units B, C, and D) that have been interpreted as impact-triggered tsunami deposits (21)(22)(23)(24)(25). The top of this sandstone complex comprises abundant burrows.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rapid short-term cooling following the Chicxulub impact at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

Vellekoop

Sluijs

Smit³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

166

157

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Significance Here, for the first time (to our knowledge), we are able to demonstrate unambiguously that the impact at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (K–Pg, ∼66 Mya) was followed by a so-called “impact winter.” This impact winter was the result of the injection of large amounts of dust and aerosols into the stratosphere and significantly reduced incoming solar radiation for decades. Therefore, this phase will have been a key contributory element in the extinctions of many biological clades, including the dinosaurs. The K–Pg boundary impact presents a unique event in Earth history because it caused global change at an unparalleled rate. This detailed portrayal of the environmental consequences of the K–Pg impact and aftermath aids in our understanding of truly rapid climate change.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid short-term cooling following the Chicxulub impact at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

Vellekoop

Sluijs

Smit³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

166

157

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“…Environmental and faunal data have been retrieved from the literature [Brazos River, Texas (17)(18)(19) and Seymour Island, Antarctica (54, 55)] and our own collections from Patagonia (Argentina) at Bajada del Jagüel in Neuquén (20,56) and at San Ramón in Chubut (38). We selected these localities because they yield quantitative bed-by-bed sampling data of well-preserved molluscan faunas with both aragonitic and calcitic shells present; they represent similar depositional environments, i.e., soft, siliciclastic substrates of the marine shelf; and their chronostratigraphy, including the position of the KPB, is well constrained (SI Text S1 and Dataset S1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies showed an Early Danian increase in infaunal deposit feeders and mobility levels in some environments at some sites (17)(18)(19)(20)(21), whereas at other sites, either infaunal or epifaunal suspension feeders dominated and mobility levels and benthic tiering structure displayed no trends (21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Increased predation pressure after the KPB has been inferred from the radiation of predatory carnivores, in particular neogastopods (3,18,21,(26)(27)(28), elevated gastropod drilling frequencies (29,30), and a trend toward deeper burrowing in bivalves (31), but predatory Significance Global change and regime shifts of ecosystems are a major concern today.…”

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confidence: 99%

Persistent ecological shifts in marine molluscan assemblages across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction

Aberhan

Kiessling

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Contemporary biodiversity loss and population declines threaten to push the biosphere toward a tipping point with irreversible effects on ecosystem composition and function. As a potential example of a global-scale regime shift in the geological past, we assessed ecological changes across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction based on molluscan assemblages at four well-studied sites. By contrasting preextinction and postextinction rank abundance and numerical abundance in 19 molluscan modes of lifeeach defined as a unique combination of mobility level, feeding mode, and position relative to the substrate-we find distinct shifts in ecospace utilization, which significantly exceed predictions from null models. The magnitude of change in functional traits relative to normal temporal fluctuations at far-flung sites indicates that molluscan assemblages shifted to differently structured systems and faunal response was global. The strengths of temporal ecological shifts, however, are mostly within the range of preextinction site-to-site variability, demonstrating that local ecological turnover was similar to geographic variation over a broad latitudinal range. In conjunction with varied site-specific temporal patterns of individual modes of life, these spatial and temporal heterogeneities argue against a concerted phase shift of molluscan assemblages from one well-defined regime to another. At a broader ecological level, by contrast, congruent tendencies emerge and suggest deterministic processes. These patterns comprise the well-known increase of deposit-feeding mollusks in postextinction assemblages and increases in predators and predator-resistant modes of life, i.e., those characterized by elevated mobility and infaunal life habits.end-Cretaceous mass extinction | regime shift | functional groups | mollusks | ecospace

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“…The upper Maastrichtian shales of the Corsicana Formation are discordantly overlain by a normal graded 0.5m thick succession of shale clasts, sand, shell hash, and limestone, which is commonly referred to as "event bed." It includes impact ejecta (e.g., spherules, lapilli) at its base (Hansen et al 1987(Hansen et al , 1993aYancey 1996) and possibly originated as tsunamite-tempestite, genetically linked to the Chicxulub impact on the Yucatán peninsula micropaleontology, vol. 49, no.…”

Section: Geological Setting and Stratigraphy Of Studied Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcareous index nannofossils (coccoliths) of the lowermost Paleocene originated in the late Maastrichtian

Mai¹

2003

Micropaleontology

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ABSTRACT:The calcareous nannofossil species Neobiscutum romeinii, N. parvulum, and Cruciplacolithus primus, are considered in modern zonation schemes as index species for the lowermost Paleocene. Our studies, however, reveal that they are consistently present in upper Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossil zone CC26. The two Neobiscutum species were found several meters below the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-P) boundary in cores from Brazos River (Texas) and Antioch Church (Alabama), and in outcrops at Geulhemmerberg (the Netherlands), El Kef (Tunisia), and Jebel Qurtasiyyat (Jordan). Except for the Jordanian record, the same applies to the occurrence of C. primus. These coccoliths are extremely small, ranging from 0.8 to 2.5µm for Neobiscutum and 1.5 to 3.5µm for C. primus, and they constitute less than 1% of the calcareous nannofossil association. This may explain why they were not consistently detected below the K-P boundary in earlier investigations. Since these species are not exclusively Paleocene indicators only their prominent acmes or, alternatively, the index species Biantholithus sparsus should be used to unambiguously identify the lowermost Paleocene. The geographic coverage in our study indicates that the late Maastrichtian appearances of N. romeinii, N. parvulum and C. primus are typical for marginal seas of the Northern Hemisphere.

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Sedimentology and extinction patterns across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary interval in east Texas

Cited by 79 publications

References 7 publications

Rapid short-term cooling following the Chicxulub impact at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

Rapid short-term cooling following the Chicxulub impact at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

Persistent ecological shifts in marine molluscan assemblages across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction

Calcareous index nannofossils (coccoliths) of the lowermost Paleocene originated in the late Maastrichtian

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