Sedimentological attributes of the Middle Jurassic peloids-dominated carbonates of eastern Tethys, lesser Himalayas, Pakistan

Saboor, Abdus; Haneef, Muhammad; Hanif, Muhammad; Swati, Muhammad Azhar Farooq

doi:10.1007/s13146-020-00662-w

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The selectivity of dolomitization in vertically stacked facies is controlled by the fluid–rock interactions and is a common phenomenon in the shallow marine carbonates (Swennen et al, 2012). Dolomitization in the Jurassic carbonate units (of the Upper Indus Basin) has been reported by many authors (Hussain et al, 2013; Saboor et al, 2020; Shah, 2009; Shah et al, 2020; Wadood et al, 2020). The study reveals the commonness of pervasive to selective dolomitization in the mud‐supported fabrics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The Jurassic carbonate sedimentary units crop out extensively in several sub‐basins of the Indus Basin (Figure 1b), along the western and northwestern margins of the Indian Plate. By the Early‐Middle Jurassic, the northwestern margin of the Indian Plate was inundated with the Neo‐Tethys Ocean and served as a significant depocenter for the shallow marine platform carbonates in predominantly temperate to sub‐tropical settings (Saboor et al, 2020; Shah, 2009). The Lower‐Middle Jurassic units have different contact relationships in different sections/regions.…”

Section: Geology Of the Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deposition has resulted in development of a thick sequence of middle Mesozoic rocks (10 to >2,000 m) dominated by calcareous content and depicts variation in lithologies in the inter‐ and intra‐basinal stratigraphic set up. Researchers (e.g., Ahmad et al, 2019; Ali et al, 2020; Ali, Haneef, Anjum, Hanif, & Khan, 2013; Hussain et al, 2013; Nizami & Sheikh, 2009; Qureshi, Butt, & Ghazi, 2008; Saboor, Haneef, Hanif, & Swati, 2020; Shah, Rahim, Hassan, Mustafa, & Ahmad, 2020; Wadood et al, 2020) have portrayed the microfacies and depositional environments of the Middle Jurassic carbonate unit in various sections of the Upper and Lower Indus basins. In terms of palaeoenvironments, they have been interpreted as ranging from tidal flat‐lagoon complex to shoals, beaches, and middle to outer ramp environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional alterations in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonates on the western margin of the Indian Plate: Implications for cement morphologies and dolomitization

Saboor

Wang

et al. 2022

Geological Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional changes present in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonate‐dominated units (Samana Suk, Shinawari, Chiltan and Loralai formations) of the Indus Basin, Pakistan have been addressed. The study is based on 11 sections along a N‐S transect on the western margin of the Indian Plate to provide an insight into the nature of cementation and dolomitization behavior by using an integrated petrographic and geochemical analysis. The carbonates located in the northern proximity are dominated by the eogenetic signatures of hardgrounds, biogenic micritization, and iron‐containing burrows. The pattern and yellowish‐brown coloration of the burrows is distinct, and shows a positive relationship with the Fe, Si, Al, K, Mn concentrations, and meteoric phase. The transition from the Early to Middle Jurassic is marked by a correspondent increase in the dolomitization and bioturbation but its intensity decreases from north to the south. The packing index and marine phreatic environments generally increase towards the south. The planar‐s to planar‐e protodolomite and dolomite proper have particularly targeted the micritic facies and allochems, courtesy of retaining high‐magnesian calcite waters, and the geochemical analysis also reveals some dedolomitization, associated with sequence boundaries. The pore occluding cements of the Samana Suk and Chiltan formations are Fe deficient and have low Sr and Mn levels, as compared to the Shinawari Formation. The latter has an elevated concentration of Fe, Mg, Si, Al, Sr, Mn, and the Fe + Mn versus Sr relationship and Mn* values suggest that cementation dominantly occurred in the oxic‐dysoxic zones of sub‐tropical climate.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Geology Of the Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional alterations in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonates on the western margin of the Indian Plate: Implications for cement morphologies and dolomitization

Saboor

Wang

et al. 2022

Geological Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on the thickness and facies variations of the Samana Suk Formation, the shoreline is proposed to have been located in the northeast-southwest direction, with the ramp deepening towards the west (e.g. Saboor et al, 2020;Wadood et al, 2021a). Kala Chitta falls in the eastern relatively shallow part of the ramp and has therefore recorded peritidal and lagoonal facies, in contrast to the studied section.…”

Section: Depositional and Diagenetic Controls On The Reservoir Qualitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Facies Analysis, Sequence Stratigraphy and Diagenetic Studies of the Jurassic Carbonates of the Kohat Basin, Northwest Pakistan: Reservoir Implications

Khan

Naseem

Khan

et al. 2022

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study deals with the depositional facies, diagenetic processes and sequence stratigraphy of the shallow marine carbonates of the Samana Suk Formation, Kohat Basin, in order to elucidate its reservoir quality. The Samana Suk Formation consists of thin to thick-bedded, oolitic, bioclastic, dolomitic and fractured limestone. Based on the integration of outcrop, petrographic and biofacies analyses, the unit is thought to have been deposited on a gentle homoclinal ramp in peritidal, lagoonal and carbonate shoal settings. Frequent variations in microfacies based sea-level curve have revealed seven Transgressive Systems Tracts (TSTs) and six Regressive Systems Tracts (RSTs). The unit has undergone various stages of diagenetic processes, including mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation, micritization, dissolution and dolomitization. The petrographic analyses show the evolution of porosity in various depositional and diagenetic phases. The fenestral porosity was mainly developed in peritidal carbonates during deposition, while the burial dissolution and diagenetic dolomitization have greatly enhanced the reservoir potential of the rock unit, as is further confirmed by the plug porosity and permeability analyses. The porosities and permeabilities were higher in shoal facies deposited in TSTs, as compared to lagoonal and peritidal facies, except for the dolomite in mudstone, deposited during RSTs. Hence good, moderate and poor reservoir potential is suggested for shoal, lagoonal and peritidal facies, respectively.

show abstract

“…The location understudy is predominantly composed of the following limestonebearing formations: Samana Suk, Kawagarh, Lockhart, Margalla Hill, and the Chorgali formations [45]. The Samana Suk formation is medium-to thick-bedded limestone as a product of shallow marine carbonate platform settings [46][47][48], while Kawagarh is a thinbedded deep marine micritic limestone that overlies the Samana Suk formation [49,50].…”

Section: Geology Of the Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Allochemical Limestone Formations in Hazara, Pakistan Using Google Cloud Architecture: Application of Machine-Learning Algorithms on Multispectral Data

Khan

Muhammad

Bashir

et al. 2021

IJGI

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Low-resolution Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) maps surrounding the region of interest show oolitic and fossiliferous limestone occurrences correspondingly in Samanasuk, Lockhart, and Margalla hill formations in the Hazara division, Pakistan. Machine-learning algorithms (MLAs) have been rarely applied to multispectral remote sensing data for differentiating between limestone formations formed due to different depositional environments, such as oolitic or fossiliferous. Unlike the previous studies that mostly report lithological classification of rock types having different chemical compositions by the MLAs, this paper aimed to investigate MLAs’ potential for mapping subclasses within the same lithology, i.e., limestone. Additionally, selecting appropriate data labels, training algorithms, hyperparameters, and remote sensing data sources were also investigated while applying these MLAs. In this paper, first, oolitic (Samanasuk), fossiliferous (Lockhart and Margalla) limestone-bearing formations along with the adjoining Hazara formation were mapped using random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), classification and regression tree (CART), and naïve Bayes (NB) MLAs. The RF algorithm reported the best accuracy of 83.28% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.78. To further improve the targeted allochemical limestone formation map, annotation labels were generated by the fusion of maps obtained from principal component analysis (PCA), decorrelation stretching (DS), X-means clustering applied to ASTER-L1T, Landsat-8, and Sentinel-2 datasets. These labels were used to train and validate SVM, CART, NB, and RF MLAs to obtain a binary classification map of limestone occurrences in the Hazara division, Pakistan using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The classification of Landsat-8 data by CART reported 99.63% accuracy, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.99, and was in good agreement with the field validation. This binary limestone map was further classified into oolitic (Samanasuk) and fossiliferous (Lockhart and Margalla) formations by all the four MLAs; in this case, RF surpassed all the other algorithms with an improved accuracy of 96.36%. This improvement can be attributed to better annotation, resulting in a binary limestone classification map, which formed a mask for improved classification of oolitic and fossiliferous limestone in the area.

show abstract

Sedimentological attributes of the Middle Jurassic peloids-dominated carbonates of eastern Tethys, lesser Himalayas, Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional alterations in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonates on the western margin of the Indian Plate: Implications for cement morphologies and dolomitization

The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional alterations in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonates on the western margin of the Indian Plate: Implications for cement morphologies and dolomitization

Facies Analysis, Sequence Stratigraphy and Diagenetic Studies of the Jurassic Carbonates of the Kohat Basin, Northwest Pakistan: Reservoir Implications

Mapping Allochemical Limestone Formations in Hazara, Pakistan Using Google Cloud Architecture: Application of Machine-Learning Algorithms on Multispectral Data

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About