Sedimentation Rates and a Sediment Budget for Lake Ontario

Kemp, A. L. W.; Harper, N.S.

doi:10.1016/s0380-1330(76)72296-2

Cited by 76 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Previous studies of the Niagara River estimate the river contribution of silt and clay-sized materials to Lake Ontario as about 4.56 billion kg yr 21 or 50% of the total (Kemp and Harper 1976). This suggests that the river is the primary sediment contribution in the region being considered.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evidence for the inherent unsteadiness of a river plume: Satellite observations of the Niagara River discharge

Horner‐Devine

Fong

Monismith

2008

Limnology & Oceanography

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We present satellite data from the Niagara River plume showing that a large eddy, or bulge, forms and grows in the plume near the mouth of the river. The plume consists of a semicircular bulge region immediately offshore of the mouth and a narrow current that propagates east along the shoreline. During the low-wind period from 27 to 29 May 1999, the width of the bulge more than doubled and the current width increased only slightly. Approximately one-third of the Niagara River water accumulated in the bulge near the mouth during this period, implying that the transport rate in the shore-parallel current was reduced to two-thirds of the river discharge rate. The effective radius and the growth rate of the bulge computed from the satellite images was in good agreement with previous laboratory results and a numerical model of the Niagara River plume. This is the first field evidence of the unsteadiness of the bulge.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evidence for the inherent unsteadiness of a river plume: Satellite observations of the Niagara River discharge

Horner‐Devine

Fong

Monismith

2008

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…It should be noted that the above estimates are based on an annual suspended solid load of 1.8 × 10 6 tonnes/ yr, a value considerably lower than a previous estimate of 4.6 × 10 6 tonnes/yr (International Joint Commission 1969;Kemp and Harper 1976). Ongoing Environment Canada suspended sediment measurements at Niagaraon-the-Lake confirm (K. Kuntz, personal communication 1990) that the lower value used in the present study is more representative of long-term trends.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Lead-210 sedimentation in Lake Ontario

Joshi

Shukla

Bobba

1992

Environ. Geol. Water Sci

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ABSTRACT/The sedimentation rates and diffusive sediment mixing coefficients at several Lake Ontario locations have been derived from measurements of unsupported 21°pb profiles in sediment cores. The values of mixing coefficients obtained in the present study are significantly lower than those obtained previously through an analysis of porosity profiles. The present estimates, however, are consistent with the rather well-preserved pollutant profiles at some of these locations. It is observed that the more realistic value of the mixing coefficient, obtained by inclusion of the sedimentation rate parameter, follows the sign opposite to that for the constant obtained by regression analysis of the porosity data. Further work is required to delineate this apparent relationship between two important physical characteristics of deposited sediments.Analysis of available suspended sediment data shows that Niagara River supplies about 1,8 million tonnes of sediment annually to Lake Ontario. This value is significantly lower than that (4.6 mt/yr) used previously in constructing sediment and pollutant budgets for Lake Ontario. From the presently derived sedimentation rate and suspended solid discharge estimates, an average value of 441 km 2 (range 220-938 km 2) is obtained for the minimum area of Lake Ontario over which the Niagara River-supplied fine sediment is deposited.

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“…The high trophic level of fisheating herring gulls exposes them to elevated concentrations of mirex, making the herring gull eggs a monitoring tool [16,26] . As a result of these biological and physicochemical processes, mirex has now become ubiquitous in the Great Lakes ecosystem to the point where the chemical is being detected in the entire food chain including fish and upland game birds [7,33,34] . However, the MWP data did not show detectable levels of mirex in both sediment and tissue at Lake Huron sites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the sedimentation rate model for Lake Ontario, Kemp and Harper [34] have estimated that it will require hundreds of years before contaminated sediments are completely buried by mirex free sediment. As a persistent compound, mirex can be expected to have a long residence time in the environment; however, the relatively rapid declines in mirex concentrations in the Great Lakes systems indicated by the concentrations in mussel tissues suggest otherwise.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Mirex Concentrations along the Southern Shorelines of the Great Lakes, USA

Apeti¹,

Lauenstein²

2006

American J. of Environmental Sciences

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Mirex is a persistent and toxic polychlorinated pesticide that has compromised environmental quality in the Great Lakes region since the 1960s. As a bioaccumulative and carcinogenic compound, mirex at its current levels in Lake Ontario is a concern because of the potential for trophic level transfer and biomagnification in top predators. As a part of the NOAA's National Status and Trends Program (NS&T), zebra mussels and surficial sediments were surveyed throughout the Great Lakes since 1992 to monitor a broad suite of contaminants, including mirex. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test revealed that Lake Ontario consistently had the highest mirex concentrations (p < 0.0054) followed by Lake Erie while Lakes Huron and Michigan had the lowest concentrations. Current concentrations of mirex at Lake Ontario sites are at or above the NS&T benchmark of 85 th percentile (2.33 ng g 1 dry weights) determined among all sites in the Great Lakes. The Spearman correlation statistic revealed an overall decreasing trend in tissue concentration, but this decline is only significant in Lake Ontario (p< 0.02) over the monitoring period 1992-2004. Photodegradation, volatilization, fishing and loss via the St Lawrence River are discussed as mechanisms resulting in the mirex decline.

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Sedimentation Rates and a Sediment Budget for Lake Ontario

Cited by 76 publications

References 13 publications

Evidence for the inherent unsteadiness of a river plume: Satellite observations of the Niagara River discharge

Evidence for the inherent unsteadiness of a river plume: Satellite observations of the Niagara River discharge

Lead-210 sedimentation in Lake Ontario

An Assessment of Mirex Concentrations along the Southern Shorelines of the Great Lakes, USA

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