Sedimentation and water quality deterioration problems at Terengganu River Basin, Terengganu, Malaysia

Abstract

a b s t r a c tRivers, which provide 90% of the readily available freshwater, are key components of global water resource system. Terengganu River experienced deterioration in water quality, resulting from the sedimentation, anthropogenic, geomorphology problems and unsustainable development management around the river basin. This study was implemented to prove the sedimentation problem especially the formation of total suspended solid (TSS) and annual sediment load (SL). The technique of analysis of primary data obtained which determine according with the procedure TSS and SL. The results showed that the highest average of TSS (mg/L) is 67.2 (wet season) and 128.2 (dry season) which are class III. While the highest turbidity is 43.57 (wet season) and 21.57 (dry season) which are Class II based on National Water Quality Standard (NWQS). The highest annual average estimation for annual SL flow out from the Terengganu River Basin is 6,846.709 tonnes/km 2 /year (Manir River Basin) the lowest in the Pauh River Basin is 2.850 tonnes/km 2 /year. The statistical analysis proved the weak regression relationship between TSS, river discharges (Q), SL and area of catchment caused by the anthropogenic factors and uncertain climate changes. Furthermore, the water in the Terengganu River was classified under class III caused by the active land use activities especially industrial and development but it is still suitable for recreational activities and safe for body contact because its water quality index is not less than 65% which early stage of Class II. The contributors of sedimentation problems are from unsustainable land use such as sand mining activities which effectively trap the bed sediments, backflow that carries out high sediments, as well as sedimentation produced due to the river bank erosion. This study suggests the sedimentation management methods including land use settlement, cliff erosion problems, settlement and negotiable of uncontrolled development operations in Terengganu River and the integration of river management methods based on integrated river basin management in Terengganu River Basin is recommended.

Bioconcentration of Aluminium and Copper in Giant Freshwater Prawns (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii) From Several Rivers in Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia

“…Heavy metals pollution in river is one of the environmental issues due to its toxicity and persistence in the environment for decades [24]. Heavy metals waste can bioaccumulate in the tissues of fish, crustaceans and shellfish [25][26][27] as they are sensitive to heavy metals especially for crabs and shrimp because invertebrates tend to accumulate high heavy metals than fish as a result of the differences in evolutionary phylum specific coping strategies [28][29][30][31].…”

Application of Gis in Spatial Model Development of Attitude Residents Towards River Pollution: A Case Study of the Terengganu River Basin, Malaysia

“…According to the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DIS) (2016), Sungai Hiliran, part of the Terengganu River Basin, has been contaminated because of commercial activities. Based on the studies conducted by Suratman, Sailan, Hee, & Latif (2015), the average water quality index value in the Terengganu River Basin was approximately 71.5% to 94.6%, which is classified as slightly polluted to clean (Mohd et al, 2019;Wahab et al, 2019;Nalado et al, 2017). While the Terengganu River Basin has been contaminated, it still can be preserved in various ways (Nur Usani Anuar et al, 2019).…”

Water salinity variability mapping for flooded paddy plots at Kuala Kedah, Malaysia

“…Water quality is an indicator that represents the current state of the water resources for particular purposes (Kamarudin et al, 2019;Wahab et al, 2019;Wan Mohtar, Abdul Maulud, Muhammad, Sharil, & Yaseen, 2019). One of the water quality parameters that is often taken seriously in the agricultural industry is salinity (Ahmed & Haider, 2014;Khanom, 2016).…”