Sedimentary successions in the Middle–Upper Oxfordian reef deposits from the southern part of the Kraków–Częstochowa Upland (Southern Poland)

Abstract

1 Fac ulty of Ge ol ogy, Geo phys ics and En vi ron men tal Pro tec tion, AGH Uni ver sity of Sci ence and Tech nol ogy, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Po land Krajewski, M., Olchowy, P., Rudziñski, D., 2018. Sed i men tary suc ces sions in the Mid dle-Up per Oxfordian reef de pos its from the south ern part of the Kraków-Czêstochowa Up land (South ern Po land). Geo log i cal Quar terly, 62 (3): 653-668, doi: 10.7306/gq.1429 The sed i men tary suc ces sion of the larg est ex am ple of an Up per Oxfordian reef lo cated in the south ern part of the Pol ish sector of the north ern Tethys shelf is de scribed. De tailed sam pling of ex po sures en abled char ac ter iza tion of the full suc ces sion of fa cies and microfacies di ver sity, doc u ment ing the reef evo lu tion. The suc ces sion stud ied rep re sents the max i mum de velop ment of Up per Ju ras sic reefs in Po land cor re spond ing to the up per Transversarium and the Bifurcatus zones, and followed by drown ing of the car bon ate plat form in the lower Bimmamatum Zone. The reef suc ces sion com prises three types of fa cies, in which eight im por tant microfacies types were distingushed, re flect ing sev eral stages of reef de vel op ment.Mid-ramp, mi cro bial-sponge frame-reefs rep re sent a transgressive depositional se quence, up to tens of metres thick. A micro bial-Crescentiella-ooid and ooid-intraclast-bioclast fa cies form nu mer ous, decimetre-to metre-scale, se quences cor respond ing to higher-or der, transgressive/re gres sive sea level changes. These fa cies rep re sent a mid-in ner ramp set ting when sed i men ta tion was dom i nated by bioclasts and non-skel e tal grains (mainly ooids, oncoids, ag gre gate grains and intraclasts). The grains were sta bi lized by microbialites and ce mented in early diagenesis, which cre ated grain-dom i nated, mi cro bial-ce ment sup ported reefs. As a re sult, both the mid-ramp, mi cro bial-sponge frame-reefs and the shal low-wa ter, grain-dom i nated, mi cro bial-ce ment sup ported reefs form ex ten sive, strongly lithified Oxfordian reef com plexes in the Kraków-Czêstochowa Up land.

Seismic Characteristics and Development of the Upper Jurassic Carbonate Buildups from the Miechów Trough (Southern Poland)

“…[19,103,105]) was a time of extensive growth of microbial-sponge carbonate buildups (bioherms) in various areas within present-day central and southern Poland (cf., [27,28,68,69,92] and references therein). The Oxfordian-Lower Kimmeridgian (up to the Planula Zone) microbial-sponge and coral deposits represent mid ramp facies, which in the lower Kimmeridgian (Platynota-Hypselocyclum zones) were replaced by inner ramp oolitic and oncolitic facies (e.g., [19,70,91,100,103,105,106,[113][114][115]). The evolution of the Oxfordian-Lower Kimmeridgian mid ramp facies into the Lower Kimmeridgian inner ramp facies resulted from the general shallowing trend in sedimentary conditions, observed progressively from E, NE and N, i.e., from the present-day Holy Cross Mountains area towards the present-day Miechów Trough (e.g., [16,18,19,70,91,100,105]; Figure 1).…”

“…The Oxfordian-Lower Kimmeridgian (up to the Planula Zone) microbial-sponge and coral deposits represent mid ramp facies, which in the lower Kimmeridgian (Platynota-Hypselocyclum zones) were replaced by inner ramp oolitic and oncolitic facies (e.g., [19,70,91,100,103,105,106,[113][114][115]). The evolution of the Oxfordian-Lower Kimmeridgian mid ramp facies into the Lower Kimmeridgian inner ramp facies resulted from the general shallowing trend in sedimentary conditions, observed progressively from E, NE and N, i.e., from the present-day Holy Cross Mountains area towards the present-day Miechów Trough (e.g., [16,18,19,70,91,100,105]; Figure 1). The shallow-water facies are represented by, for example, pelitic limestones, coral limestones, various oolitic limestones and oncolitic limestones (e.g., [16,19,91,103,106,112,114,115]).…”

“…Numerous sedimentological and stratigraphic studies of the Upper Jurassic deposits outcropping along the flanks of the Miechów Trough (within the margins of the Holy Cross Mountains and in the Kraków-Częstochowa and Wieluń Uplands; Figure 1) have been carried out to date (e.g., [17,19,27,28,68,70,91,93,95,103,104,106,111,113,116,[121][122][123][124][125]). Similarly, numerous studies devoted to the stratigraphy of the Upper Jurassic carbonate cover, located beneath the Miocene of the Carpathian Foredeep (i.e., south from the Wisła river, see Figure 1), have been also carried out using well data during intense exploration for hydrocarbons (e.g., [18,20,21,101,102,126,127]).…”

“…This paper fills this gap, and provides results of the seismic interpretation of the subsurface Upper Jurassic carbonate buildups from the Miechów Trough, southern Poland, where the Upper Jurassic rocks are almost fully covered by thick Cretaceous and younger strata ( [66,67]; Figure 1). The Upper Jurassic succession in the Miechów Trough remains relatively poorly recognized in comparison with the other parts of the Jurassic basin in Poland and western-central Europe, especially in comparison to adjacent areas of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, and the south-western margin of the Holy Cross Mountains, where the carbonate buildups are well-known from numerous outcrops (e.g., [27,28,[68][69][70]).…”

Lower Kimmeridgian facies and sedimentary succession of a shallow-water coated-grain-dominated carbonate ramp of the northern peri-Tethyan shelf: an example from the Radomsko Folds (central Poland)

“…This sequence com prises two in ter vals -I and II, sep a rated by an isochronous marker ho ri zon termed the "Low er most Marly Ho rizon", which is one of the most im por tant Lower Kimmeridgian mark ers in cen tral Po land (e.g., Kutek, 1968Kutek, , 1994Matyja, 2011;Krajewski et al, 2014Krajewski et al, , 2017S³onka and Krzywiec, 2020a, b). In ter val I in cludes Oxfordian and Lower Kimmeridgian de pos its (up to the Planula Zone), which are de vel oped in cen tral and south ern Po land mostly as limestones rich in ben thic fauna, mainly si li ceous and cal car e ous sponges (in clud ing chaetetids), as well as cor als and var i ous microbialites (see e.g., Roniewicz and Roniewicz, 1971;Matyja et al, 1989;Trammer, 1989;Matyszkiewicz et al, 2012;Matyszkiewicz and Kochman, 2016;Krajewski et al, 2018;S³onka and Krzywiec, 2020a, b), whereas marls and marly lime stones are in mi nor pro por tion. In In ter val II (Platynota and Hypselocyclum zones), marls and marly limestones pre vail along with lime stones with nu mer ous coated grains, usu ally ooids and oncoids (e.g., Radwañski, 1965, 1967;Kutek, 1968;Matyja, 2011;.…”