Sedimentary Diagenesis, Depositional Environments, and Benthic Fluxes

Aller, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00611-2

Cited by 119 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 286 publications

(447 reference statements)

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“…This is somewhat higher than the value expected for the degradation of freshly deposited pelagic diatoms, which would be on the order of 0.13 (Brzezinski 1985). The elevated release of DSi could reflect that the material undergoing mineralization is enriched in Si compared to fresh pelagic diatoms (Jahnke and Jahnke 2000) or additional sedimentary supply of Si from various terrestrial sources (Conley 2002) entering complex redox-dependent dissolution kinetics (Aller 2014). In any case, in situ chamber incubations typically provide markedly higher DSi fluxes as compared to exchange rates derived from porewater calculations and shipboard incubations and this has generally been ascribed to bioirrigation (Berelson et al 2003;Hammond et al 2004;Tréguer and De La Rocha 2013).…”

Section: Benthic Carbon and Nutrient Turnover In A Highly Irrigated Cmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…These observations and the fact that the benthic O 2 consumption exceeds the local primary production strongly suggest that terrestrial carbon supply was important in sustaining the benthic community and that the turnover of refractory organic material was stimulated in these sediments. Sediment reworking and dynamic redox conditions have been shown to stimulate degradation of organic material (Aller 1994;Kristensen and Holmer 2001;Reimers et al 2013;Aller 2014). The numerous burrows being intensively irrigated by A. filiformis induce highly dynamic redox conditions in the upper sediment layers, and this may indeed have facilitated further degradation of terrestrial material than would otherwise be expected in these high-deposition environments.…”

Section: Benthic Carbon and Nutrient Turnover In A Highly Irrigated Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily, seasonal and interannual variations in hydrography and weather strongly influence deposition, particle dynamics and near-bed hydrodynamics that all directly or indirectly regulate the relative importance of the respective diagenetic pathways and the total benthic mineralization rate (Thamdrup et al 1994;Cathalot et al 2010;Liu et al 2014). Additionally, particulate deposition and fauna activity can induce considerable microscale spatial variation in the intensity and the nature of the dominant microbial processes Dedieu et al 2007;Glud et al 2009a;Aller 2014). The intense metabolic activity also induces steep concentration gradients of redox species, and this together with the dynamic nature of coastal environments challenges procedures for quantifying and characterizing the early diagenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benthic Carbon Mineralization and Nutrient Turnover in a Scottish Sea Loch: An Integrative In Situ Study

et al. 2016

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Based on in situ microprofiles, chamber incubations and eddy covariance measurements, we investigated the benthic carbon mineralization and nutrient regeneration in a *65-m-deep sedimentation basin of Loch Etive, UK. The sediment hosted a considerable amount of infauna that was dominated by the brittle star A. filiformis. The numerous burrows were intensively irrigated enhancing the benthic in situ O 2 uptake by *50 %, and inducing highly variable redox conditions and O 2 distribution in the surface sediment as also documented by complementary laboratory-based planar optode measurements. The average benthic O 2 exchange as derived by chamber incubations and the eddy covariance approach were similar (14.9 ± 2.5 and 13.1 ± 9.0 mmol m -2 day -1 ) providing confidence in the two measuring approaches. Moreover, the non-invasive eddy approach revealed a flow-dependent benthic O 2 flux that was partly ascribed to enhanced ventilation of infauna burrows during periods of elevated flow rates. The ratio in exchange rates of RCO 2 and O 2 was close to unity, confirming that the O 2 uptake was a good proxy for the benthic carbon mineralization in this setting. The infauna activity resulted in highly dynamic redox conditions that presumably facilitated an efficient degradation of both terrestrial and marine-derived organic material. The complex O 2 dynamics of the burrow environment also concurrently stimulated nitrification and coupled denitrification rates making the sediment an efficient sink for bioavailable nitrogen. Furthermore, bioturbation mediated a high efflux of dissolved phosphorus and silicate. The study documents a high spatial and temporal variation in benthic solute exchange with important implications for benthic turnover of organic carbon and nutrients. However, more long-term in situ investigations with like approaches are required to fully understand how environmental events and spatio-temporal variations interrelate to the overall biogeochemical functioning of coastal sediments.

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Section: Benthic Carbon and Nutrient Turnover In A Highly Irrigated Cmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Benthic Carbon and Nutrient Turnover In A Highly Irrigated Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benthic Carbon Mineralization and Nutrient Turnover in a Scottish Sea Loch: An Integrative In Situ Study

et al. 2016

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“…Biogeochemical and early diagenetic processes (recently reviewed by Aller, 2014) make sediments act as both sources and sinks for N, P, Si, and C. Sediments supply dissolved inorganic N (DIN; in the form of ammonium and often nitrate), P (phosphate), Si (silicate), and C (DIC) to overlying waters, and act in this way as a source to the water column of these dissolved inorganic forms of the elements. Mineralization of organic matter containing N, P, and C, and dissolution of biogenic Si, in sediment produces nutrients and DIC, which are dissolved in the sediment pore water and then released to the water column as a benthic flux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Natural Oxygenation of Baltic Proper Deep Water on Benthic Recycling and Removal of Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Silicon and Carbon

et al. 2017

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At the end of 2014, a Major Baltic Inflow (MBI) brought oxygenated, salty water into the Baltic proper and reached the long-term anoxic Eastern Gotland Basin (EGB) by March 2015. In July 2015, we measured benthic fluxes of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and silicon (Si) nutrients and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in situ using an autonomous benthic lander at deep sites (170-210 m) in the EGB, where the bottom water oxygen concentration was 30-45 µM. The same in situ methodology was used to measure benthic fluxes at the same sites in 2008-2010, but then under anoxic conditions. The high efflux of phosphate under anoxic conditions became lower upon oxygenation, and turned into an influx in about 50% of the flux measurements. The C:P and N:P ratios of the benthic solute flux changed from clearly below the Redfield ratio (on average about 70 and 3-4, respectively) under anoxia to approaching or being well above the Redfield ratio upon oxygenation. These observations demonstrate retention of P in newly oxygenated sediments. We found no significant effect of oxygenation on the benthic ammonium, silicate and DIC flux. We also measured benthic denitrification, anammox, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates at the same sites using isotope-pairing techniques. The bottom water of the long-term anoxic EGB contained less than 0.5 µM nitrate in 2008-2010, but the oxygenation event created bottom water nitrate concentrations of about 10 µM in July 2015 and the benthic flux of nitrate was consistently directed into the sediment. Nitrate reduction to both dinitrogen gas (denitrification) and ammonium (DNRA) was initiated in the newly oxygenated sediments, while anammox activity was negligible. We estimated the influence of this oxygenation event on the magnitudes of the integrated benthic P flux (the internal P load) and the fixed N removal through benthic and pelagic denitrification by comparing with a hypothetical Hall et al.Oxygenation Effect on Benthic Fluxes scenario without the MBI. Our calculations suggest that the oxygenation triggered by the MBI in July 2015, extrapolated to the basin-wide scale of the Baltic proper, decreased the internal P load by 23% and increased the total (benthic plus pelagic) denitrification by 18%.

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“…In particular, the sediment-water interface represents the link between short-term landocean processes and long-term geological processes. Programs like JGOFS and the International Ocean Drilling Program have significantly improved our understanding of sedimentation, sedimentary biogeochemical cycling, and past climate (see discussions in Burdige, 2006;Aller, 2014), but studying fluxes across this interface is complicated by heterogeneity in space and time (e.g., Boudreau and Jørgensen, 2001). Finally, hydrothermal systems are the conduit through which the solid earth and hydrosphere communicate, and their importance to seawater chemical budgets is now increasingly recognized (e.g., German et al, 2016).…”

Section: Coordinating Interface Research In Chemical Oceanographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Chemical Oceanography in the 21st century: Participants of the COME ABOARD Meeting examine aspects of the field in the context of 40 years of DISCO

et al. 2017

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A B S T R A C TThe questions that chemical oceanographers prioritize over the coming decades, and the methods we use to address these questions, will define our field's contribution to 21st century science. In recognition of this, the U.S. National Science Foundation and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration galvanized a community effort (the Chemical Oceanography MEeting: A BOttom-up Approach to Research Directions, or COME ABOARD) to synthesize bottom-up perspectives on selected areas of research in Chemical Oceanography. Representing only a small subset of the community, COME ABOARD participants did not attempt to identify targeted research directions for the field. Instead, we focused on how best to foster diverse research in Chemical Oceanography, placing emphasis on the following themes: strengthening our core chemical skillset; expanding our tools through collaboration with chemists, engineers, and computer scientists; considering new roles for large programs; enhancing interface research through interdisciplinary collaboration; and expanding ocean literacy by engaging with the public. For each theme, COME ABOARD participants reflected on the present state of Chemical Oceanography, where the community hopes to go and why, and actionable pathways to get there. A unifying concept among the discussions was that dissimilar funding structures and metrics of success may be required to accommodate the various levels of readiness and stages of knowledge development found throughout our community. In addition to the science, participants of the concurrent Dissertations Symposium in Chemical Oceanography (DISCO) XXV, a meeting of recent and forthcoming Ph.D. graduates in Chemical Oceanography, provided perspectives on how our field could show leadership in addressing long-standing diversity and earlycareer challenges that are pervasive throughout science. Here we summarize the COME ABOARD Meeting discussions, providing a synthesis of reflections and perspectives on the field.

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Sedimentary Diagenesis, Depositional Environments, and Benthic Fluxes

Cited by 119 publications

References 286 publications

Benthic Carbon Mineralization and Nutrient Turnover in a Scottish Sea Loch: An Integrative In Situ Study

Benthic Carbon Mineralization and Nutrient Turnover in a Scottish Sea Loch: An Integrative In Situ Study

Influence of Natural Oxygenation of Baltic Proper Deep Water on Benthic Recycling and Removal of Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Silicon and Carbon

Perspectives on Chemical Oceanography in the 21st century: Participants of the COME ABOARD Meeting examine aspects of the field in the context of 40 years of DISCO

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