Sedimentary characteristics of a haboob dust storm

Chen, W; Fryrear, D. W.

doi:10.1016/s0169-8095(01)00092-8

Cited by 53 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…NW Sahara, Ethiopian Plateau, Arabian Peninsula, Sahel and USA). In such areas, dust production and transportation is often driven by convective storm outflows (Membery, 1985;Hastenrath, 1991;Chen and Fryrear, 2002). These "haboob" dust storms may occur during both day and night and although observational studies report a significant frequency of appearance (Marticorena et al, 2010), this phenomenon has not been yet extensively studied in dust-modeling experiments.…”

Section: Published By Copernicus Publications On Behalf Of the Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Density currents as a desert dust mobilization mechanism

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The formation and propagation of density currents are well studied processes in fluid dynamics with many applications in other science fields. In the atmosphere, density currents are usually meso-β/γ phenomena and are often associated with storm downdrafts. These storms are responsible for the formation of severe dust episodes (haboobs) over desert areas. In the present study, the formation of a convective cool pool and the associated dust mobilization are examined for a representative event over the western part of Sahara desert. The physical processes involved in the mobilization of dust are described with the use of the integrated atmospheric-air quality RAMS/ICLAMS model. Dust is effectively produced due to the development of near surface vortices and increased turbulent mixing along the frontal line. Increased dust emissions and recirculation of the elevated particles inside the head of the density current result in the formation of a moving "dust wall". Transport of the dust particles in higher layers -outside of the density current -occurs mainly in three ways: (1) Uplifting of preexisting dust over the frontal line with the aid of the strong updraft (2) Entrainment at the upper part of the density current head due to turbulent mixing (3) Vertical mixing after the dilution of the system. The role of the dust in the associated convective cloud system was found to be limited. Proper representation of convective processes and dust mobilization requires the use of high resolution (cloud resolving) model configuration and online parameterization of dust production. Haboob-type dust storms are effective dust sources and should be treated accordingly in dust modeling applications.

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Section: Published By Copernicus Publications On Behalf Of the Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Density currents as a desert dust mobilization mechanism

et al. 2012

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“…The distance between the tower in the oasis and that at the edge of oasis was 3.5 km, and the distance between the tower at the edge of oasis and that in the desert was 4.8 km. Each tower measured wind velocity, quantity of horizontal flux and vertical flux of sand-dust at 19 different heights (1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,29,33, 37, 41, 45, and 49 m). The locations of the three observation towers are shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Sandstorm Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chen and Fryrear [25] collected dust samples from the 0-15.67 m layer of a sandstorm and found that both the suspended dust in the flow and the vertical distributions of sand-dust concentration were decreasing with height by a power function. According to their calculations, the total amount of dust through the 0-15.67 m layer could be 84960 kg km −1 h −1 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the lower layer of sandstorms in the Minqin desert-oasis zone

Zhao

Kejie

Yang

et al. 2010

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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By measuring the sand-dust flux, vertical deposition, and the wind velocity throughout 19 sandstorms in the Minqin region, we quantitatively analyzed the horizontal distribution and vertical variation in sandstorm characteristics under different land cover conditions. The effect of different land cover on mitigating sandstorms was also investigated. The results indicated that, in the surface layer ranging from 0-50 m, the intensity of sand-dust horizontal flux and concentration of sand-dust decreased with the increase of the height in the desert and the edge of oasis, whereas the two physical quantities increased slightly with the increase of the height in the oasis. The two physical quantities obey power function well under all three cover conditions. Moreover, in the desert and at the edge of oasis, the sand-dust vertical deposition decreased with the increase of the height. But a partial unimodal distribution at the oasis site and the maximum deposition occurred at the height of 9 m, which corresponds to the middle height of farmland protection forest. The annual flux that passed through a section of 1 m in width and 50 m in height was 9169 kg in the desert, 5318 kg at the edge of oasis, and 2345 kg in the oasis. And the annual fluxes at the edge of oasis and in the oasis are 42% and 74% less, respectively, than that in the desert. This implies that the wind break forest significantly reduced the intensity of sandstorms.Minqin, the lower layer, sand-dust, horizontal flux, vertical deposition Citation:

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“…They also noticed that desert soil erodes at a lesser rate than agricultural areas. The dust particle size distribution during the dust storm event in Texas is also described in Chen and Fryrear (2002). Wilkerson (1991) highlighted that haboobs received considerable attention in the previous 10 years due to several aircraft crashes related to micro-bursts (Fujita, 1986), a common feature generating haboobs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of "an American haboob"

et al. 2014

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Abstract.A dust storm of fearful proportions hit Phoenix in the early evening hours of 5 July 2011. This storm, an American haboob, was predicted hours in advance because numerical, land-atmosphere modeling, computing power and remote sensing of dust events have improved greatly over the past decade. High-resolution numerical models are required for accurate simulation of the small scales of the haboob process, with high velocity surface winds produced by strong convection and severe downbursts. Dust productive areas in this region consist mainly of agricultural fields, with soil surfaces disturbed by plowing and tracks of land in the high Sonoran Desert laid barren by ongoing draught.Model simulation of the 5 July 2011 dust storm uses the coupled atmospheric-dust model NMME-DREAM (Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model on E grid, Janjic et al., 2001; Dust REgional Atmospheric Model, Nickovic et al., 2001;Pérez et al., 2006) with 4 km horizontal resolution. A mask of the potentially dust productive regions is obtained from the land cover and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The scope of this paper is validation of the dust model performance, and not use of the model as a tool to investigate mechanisms related to the storm. Results demonstrate the potential technical capacity and availability of the relevant data to build an operational system for dust storm forecasting as a part of a warning system. Model results are compared with radar and other satellitebased images and surface meteorological and PM 10 observations. The atmospheric model successfully hindcasted the position of the front in space and time, with about 1 h late arrival in Phoenix. The dust model predicted the rapid uptake of dust and high values of dust concentration in the ensuing storm. South of Phoenix, over the closest source regions (∼25 km), the model PM 10 surface dust concentration reached ∼2500 µg m −3 , but underestimated the values measured by the PM 10 stations within the city. Model results are also validated by the MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD), employing deep blue (DB) algorithms for aerosol loadings. Model validation included Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), equipped with the lidar instrument, to disclose the vertical structure of dust aerosols as well as aerosol subtypes. Promising results encourage further research and application of high-resolution modeling and satellite-based remote sensing to warn of approaching severe dust events and reduce risks for safety and health.

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Sedimentary characteristics of a haboob dust storm

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

Density currents as a desert dust mobilization mechanism

Density currents as a desert dust mobilization mechanism

Characteristics of the lower layer of sandstorms in the Minqin desert-oasis zone

Numerical simulation of "an American haboob"

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Sedimentary characteristics of a haboob dust storm

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

Density currents as a desert dust mobilization mechanism

Density currents as a desert dust mobilization mechanism

Characteristics of the lower layer of sandstorms in the Minqin desert-oasis zone

Numerical simulation of &quot;an American haboob&quot;

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Numerical simulation of "an American haboob"