Sediment records as archives of the Late Pleistocene–Holocene hydrological change in the alluvial Narmada River basin, western India

Sridhar, Alpa; Chamyal, L. S.

doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2010.01.001

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Most of the palaeoflood data until recently came from the ideal bedrock gorge settings using slackwater deposits however, recent studies have clearly brought out the scope for generating palaeoflood data outside the traditional physiographical setting of bedrock gorges (Sridhar, 2007a, 2009: Sridhar et al, 2014. The late Pleistocene palaeoflood studies mainly rely on discharge estimates based on clast size and channel morphology (Sridhar & Chamyal, 2010;Sridhar et al, 2013;Singh et al, 2021). Nonetheless, the data on past hydrologic changes drawn from palaeoflood analyses of the rivers of India which have short gauging records, can be highly useful in modelling and predicting the nature of future climate change impacts (Kale, 2008).…”

Section: Palaeoflood Studies In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well established that the continental fluvial records of western India signify the role of monsoon variability during the late Pleistocene-Holocene (Juyal et al, 2006). Since alluvial sedimentary records are the archives of river response to periods of higher and lower discharge, palaeohydrological interpretations concerned with the reconstruction of pastriver flows, average flows of low to moderate magnitude and frequency, or infrequent high magnitude events have been attempted in past decade or so (Sridhar, 2007a, b;Sridhar & Chamyal, 2010, 2018Sridhar et al, 2013Sridhar et al, , 2014Sridhar et al, , 2015Sridhar et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Fluvial Records Of Western Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exposed late Pleistocene fluvial sediment successions comprise gravel terraces that have been interpreted in terms of the temporal variations in the climate-related palaeofloods that constructed these over longer time-scales (Sridhar & Chamyal, 2010;Sridhar et al, 2013). For instance, the gravel terraces in the lower Narmada Basin are interpreted to have formed by vertically stacked sub rounded gravel to cobble size clasts in an alluvial-fan environment (Chamyal et al, 1997;Sridhar & Chamyal, 2010). The poor to moderate sorting and coarse clast size suggests that flows were sediment laden and related to high magnitude hydrological events that generated high energy floods (Sridhar & Chamyal, 2010;Stokes et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Late Pleistocene Recordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T HE continental records are direct proxies of rainfall variability in the Indian sub-continent where Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) is a major climatic entity (Chamyal & Juyal, 2008). The climatic changes in river basins are therefore largely associated with high-magnitude flood events and the fluvial deposits carry a subtle impression of the hydrological regime (Sridhar & Chamyal, 2010). The changes in the flood regime conditions over the Indian region are linked to fluctuations in the monsoon intensity and associated phenomenon on different timescales (Kale, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palaeoflood hydrology of the fluvial continental records of western India: A synthesis

Chamyal

Sridhar

2021

JPS

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Palaeoflood hydrology has emerged as an important tool to infer quantitative and qualitative aspects of ungauged floods based on their physical evidence. Palaeoflood studies in India have largely been undertaken in the rivers of Peninsular India, western India, Ganga plains and the Himalayas to determine the magnitude and age of extreme floods and their connection to variations in the monsoon intensity. Usually, the alluvial domains are unfavourable for the occurrence and preservation of flood deposits and related discharge estimation. However, the alluvial rivers of western India owing to their semi–confined banks comprising late Pleistocene sediments provide an opportunity for investigating both, the high magnitude flood events as well as average flow conditions. In this synthesis we concisely review the recent palaeohydrological studies in western India in terms of flood magnitude, occurrence of extreme events and its relation to the southwest monsoon variability over various time scales. Based on palaeo–fluvial reconstructions, the sedimentation pattern during late Pleistocene appears to be related to changes in channel gradient and the water surface width rather than to discharge variability. On the other hand, the aggradation in channels during early Holocene was largely controlled by the huge sediment influx and the incision that followed was in response to the increase in the discharge and competence of the river flow. The slackwater records from the bedrock channels have revealed that the large magnitude flood events occurred during wet climate phases during the last two millennia. A clustering of high magnitude events at climatic transitions and arid periods during mid–late Holocene has been surmised. Further the flood associated deposits delimited within Quaternary fluvial landforms and channel morphology are vital as these allow quantification of past flood discharges, velocities and stage levels and thus improve the future flood predictions.

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Section: Palaeoflood Studies In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluvial Records Of Western Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Late Pleistocene Recordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palaeoflood hydrology of the fluvial continental records of western India: A synthesis

Chamyal

Sridhar

2021

JPS

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“…Geomorphologically, the LrNR draws attention to three prominent landforms, namely, relic alluvial fans, paleo-banks, and neo-banks (Figure 1-IV). Each of these landforms is characterised by distinctive litho-units (Bedi and Vaidyanadhan, 1982;Sant and Karanth, 1993;Sridhar and Chamyal, 2010;Sukumaran et al, 2012a,b;Sridhar et al, 2015). The minimum age of these landforms is estimated from the chronology of the sedimentary sequence with alluvial fans dating to the early late Pleistocene (∼90 ka: Chamyal et al, 2002;Joshi et al, 2013), paleo-bank deposits dating to the middle-late Pleistocene (∼24.5-74 ka; Chamyal et al, 2002;Raj, 2008) and neo-bank sedimentary units dating to the late Holocene (Raj and Yadava, 2009;Sridhar et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Proxy Records of Late Holocene Flood Events From the Lower Reaches of the Narmada River, Western India

et al. 2021

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Analyses of a fluvial sedimentary sequence from the lower reaches of the Narmada River establish a record of rhythmic cycles of sediment facies that represent floods during the late Holocene. The south-west Indian monsoon strongly influences the study area, and heavy rainfall or cyclones which originate from either the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea, also affect the region. Optically stimulated luminescence dating places the 8 m thick sediment sequence in the climate transition phase which ranges from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age. Multi-proxy analyses including high-resolution granulometry, magnetic susceptibility, ferromagnetic mineral concentration, facies major oxide geochemistry, and micro-fossil records (from two sedimentary units) are used to study these late Holocene flood events. The latter are characterised by multiple sediment facies, depositional events, changes in channel morphology, and distinctive flood signatures. Integration of these records enables to identify two distinct aggradations viz. phase I and phase II, as well as a relative change in channel morphology. The study describes 11 flooding events and their imprints over multi-proxy records. Historic documents and instrumental records from the town of Bharuch referring to floods, movement of channel sand, channel shallowing, and the dysfunction of the ancient port of Bharuch further validate the inferences drawn from the sedimentary sequence. The study exemplifies the need to use high resolution and multi-proxy studies to interpret paleoflood records and climate signatures in order to build archives of monsoonal rivers.

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Late Pleistocene history of aggradation and incision within a bedrock gorge, Narmada River, central India: implications for resurgent tectonic activity and changing climate

Sridhar

Bhattacharya

Vanik

et al. 2022

J Quaternary Science

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Bedrock gorges occurring on the Indian Peninsula are sites of intense erosive activity where thick sequences of fluvial sediments are conspicuously absent. We identified unusually thick and coarse fluvial sequences within the Dhadgaon (DG) gorge in the lower reaches of the Narmada River in central India. Stratigraphic interpretations, sediment character and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages revealed episodic aggradation at ~70 ka and ~28 ka in response to tectonically induced steepening of the upstream channel gradient. Incision of the DG gorge and sedimentation of the alluvial fan downstream was facilitated by a climatically induced decrease in the sediment supply/discharge ratio in addition to the tectonic slope. The final evacuation of sediments from the DG gorge and incision of the Banganga channel occurred during the early Holocene. Collectively, the results show a major influence of tectonics, hillslope processes and lithology on aggradation-incision patterns supported by climatic conditions during the late Quaternary.

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Sediment records as archives of the Late Pleistocene–Holocene hydrological change in the alluvial Narmada River basin, western India

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Palaeoflood hydrology of the fluvial continental records of western India: A synthesis

Palaeoflood hydrology of the fluvial continental records of western India: A synthesis

Multi-Proxy Records of Late Holocene Flood Events From the Lower Reaches of the Narmada River, Western India

Late Pleistocene history of aggradation and incision within a bedrock gorge, Narmada River, central India: implications for resurgent tectonic activity and changing climate

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