Sediment pore water distribution coefficients of PCB congeners in enriched black carbon sediment

Martínez, Andrés; O'Sullivan, Colin; Reible, Danny D.; Hornbuckle, Keri C.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.015

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These included polystyrene beads, PDMS fiber and a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film, many of which have been used in research and development of passive sampling materials, albeit mostly for hydrophobic compounds. 4, 5, 28 Results showed that no uptake on LDPE was observed for either analyte, while PS beads and PDMS fibers produced aniline K ENM-W values that were at least 75% smaller than those measured for the best ENMs (Figure S5). Uptake of nitrobenzene was not measurable over our standard experimental timescale for any of the commercial materials, further highlighting the dearth of passive sampling materials currently available for some polar analytes outside of POCIS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Further, these individual PCB concentrations are within the range and follow the same trend among congeners for published sediment pore water concentrations for the same IHSC sediment but using PDMS fiber (range from 0.4 to 60 ng L −1 ). 4 Further, PMMA and PS proved to be more sensitive than PDMS fiber; while it was possible to detect PCBs 206 and 209 on ENMs, these congeners were not amenable to analysis via PDMS fiber.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We have previously reported their PCB sediment pore water concentrations (on the order of ng L −1 ) using PDMS fiber. 4 Around 0.1 g of ENM was placed in a clean, amber glass bottle (250 mL) with sediment and deionized water (~100 g), and gently shaken (80 rpm and ~25°C) for 28 days. Additional details on uptake experiments are described in the ESI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extraction, clean up and quantification procedures for the target compounds in the aqueous and sorbent phases followed previously published methods from our group and others, 4, 25, 26 with details presented in the ESI. Aqueous phase samples ( C W ) and methanol extracted from ENM samples ( C ENM ) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (LC/DAD, Agilent 1100 Series HPLC) for the hydrophilic and moderately hydrophobic compounds.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging investigator series: development and application of polymeric electrospun nanofiber mats as equilibrium-passive sampler media for organic compounds

Qian

Jennings

Cwiertny

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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We fabricated a suite of polymeric electrospun nanofiber mats (ENMs) and investigated their performance as next-generation passive sampler media for environmental monitoring of organic compounds. Electrospinning of common polymers [e.g., polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polystyrene (PS), among others] yielded ENMs with reproducible control of nanofiber diameters (from 70 to 340 nm). ENM performance was investigated initially with model hydrophilic (aniline and nitrobenzene) and hydrophobic (selected PCB congeners and dioxin) compounds, generally revealing fast chemical uptake into all ENMs that was well described by a one compartment, first-order kinetic model. Typical times to reach 90% of equilibrium (t90%) were ≤ 7 days under mixing conditions for all ENMs, and < 0.5 days for the best performing materials under static (i.e., no mixing) conditions. Collectively, these short equilibrium timescales suggest that ENMs may be used in the field as an equilibrium-passive sampler, at least for our model compounds. Equilibrium partitioning coefficients (KENM-W, L kg−1) averaged 2 and 4.7 log units for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic analytes, respectively. PAN, PMMA and PS were prioritized for additional studies because they exhibited not only the greatest capacity for simultaneous uptake of the entire model suite (log KENM-W ~ 1.5 – 6.2), but also fast uptake. For these optimized ENMs, rates uptake into PAN and PMMA were limited by aqueous phase diffusion to the nanofiber surface, and the rate-determine step for PS was analyte specific. Sorption isotherms also revealed that the environmental application of these optimized ENMs would occur within the linear uptake regime. We examined ENM performance for the measurement of pore water concentrations from spiked soil and freshwater sediments. Soil and sediment studies not only yielded reproducible pore water concentrations and comparable values to other passive sampler materials, but also provided practical insights into ENM stability and fouling in such systems. Further, fast uptake for a suite of structurally diverse hydrophilic and moderately hydrophobic compounds were obtained for PAN and PS, with t90% ranging from 0.01 to 4 days with mixing and KENM-W values ranging from 1.3 to 3.2 log units. Our findings show promise for the development and use of ENMs as equilibrium-passive samplers for a range of organic pollutants across soil/sediment and water systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Emerging investigator series: development and application of polymeric electrospun nanofiber mats as equilibrium-passive sampler media for organic compounds

Qian

Jennings

Cwiertny

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…The more highly chlorinated PCB congeners are likely strongly sorbed to sediment organic carbon. Measuring PCB congeners profiles in sediment pore water (Liang et al 2014; Martinez et al 2013) would yield improved insights concerning biodegradation of soluble and bio-available PCB congeners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCB dechlorination hotspots and reductive dehalogenase genes in sediments from a contaminated wastewater lagoon

Mattes

Ewald

Liang

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants that are distributed worldwide. Although industrial PCB production has stopped, legacy contamination can be traced to several different commercial mixtures (e.g., Aroclors in the USA). Despite their persistence, PCBs are subject to naturally occurring biodegradation processes, although the microbes and enzymes involved are poorly understood. The biodegradation potential of PCB-contaminated sediments in a wastewater lagoon located in Virginia (USA) was studied. Total PCB concentrations in sediments ranged from 6.34 to 12,700 mg/kg. PCB congener profiles in sediment sample were similar to Aroclor 1248; however, PCB congener profiles at several locations showed evidence of dechlorination. The sediment microbial community structure varied among samples but was dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The relative abundance of putative dechlorinating Chloroflexi (including Dehalococcoides sp.) was 0.01–0.19% among the sediment samples, with Dehalococcoides sp. representing 0.6–14.8% of this group. Other possible PCB dechlorinators present included the Clostridia and the Geobacteraceae. A PCR survey for potential PCB reductive dehalogenase genes (RDases) yielded 11 sequences related to RDase genes in PCB-respiring Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain CG5 and PCB-dechlorinating D. mccartyi strain CBDB1. This is the first study to retrieve potential PCB RDase genes from unenriched PCB-contaminated sediments.

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Benthic injury dose–response models for polychlorinated biphenyl–contaminated sediment using equilibrium partitioning

Finkelstein¹,

Beckvar

Dillon³

2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The study goal was to develop a sediment polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dose-response model based on benthic invertebrate effects to PCBs. The authors used an equilibrium partitioning (EqP) approach to generate predicted PCB sediment effect concentrations (largely Aroclor 1254) associated with a gradient of toxic effects in benthic organisms from effects observed in aquatic toxicity studies. The present study differs from all other EqP collective sediment investigations in that the authors examined a common dose-response gradient of effects for PCBs rather than a single, protective value. The authors reviewed the chronic aquatic toxicity literature to identify measured aqueous PCB concentrations and associated benthic invertebrate effects. The authors control-normalized the aquatic toxic effect data and expressed results from various studies as a common metric, percent injury. Then, they calculated organic carbon-normalized sediment PCB concentrations (mg/kg organic carbon) from the aqueous PCB toxicity data set using EqP theory based on the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPIWEB 4.1) derivation of the water-organic carbon partition coefficient (K ). Lastly, the authors constructed a nonlinear dose-response numerical model for these synoptic sediment PCB concentrations and biological effects: Y = 100/1 + 10 (EC50 = median effective concentration). These models were used to generate "look-up" tables reporting percent injury in benthic biota for a range of Aroclor-specific sediment concentrations. For example, the model using the EPIWEB K estimate predicts mean benthic injury of 23.3%, 46.0%, 70.6%, 87.1%, and 95% for hypothetical sediment concentrations of 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg, and 16 mg/kg dry weight of Aroclor 1254, respectively (at 1% organic carbon). The authors recommend the model presented for screening but suggest, when possible, determining a site-specific K that, along with the tables and equations, allows users to create their own protective dose-response sediment concentration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1311-1329. © 2016 SETAC.

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Sediment pore water distribution coefficients of PCB congeners in enriched black carbon sediment

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Emerging investigator series: development and application of polymeric electrospun nanofiber mats as equilibrium-passive sampler media for organic compounds

Emerging investigator series: development and application of polymeric electrospun nanofiber mats as equilibrium-passive sampler media for organic compounds

PCB dechlorination hotspots and reductive dehalogenase genes in sediments from a contaminated wastewater lagoon

Benthic injury dose–response models for polychlorinated biphenyl–contaminated sediment using equilibrium partitioning

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