Sediment-hosted copper deposits of the world: Deposit models and database

Abstract

Sandstone copper, shale-hosted copper, redbed Cu, continental redbed, Kupferschiefer type, marine paralic type, reduced facies Cu, Revett Cu. DESCRIPTION Sediment-hosted copper deposits are stratabound, that is, they are restricted to a narrow range of layers within a sedimentary sequence but do not necessarily follow sedimentary bedding. They are epigenetic and diagenetic, that is, they are formed after the host sediment is deposited, but in most cases, prior to lithification of the host. They form independently of igneous processes.

Assessment of soil metal distribution and environmental impact of mining in Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)

“…Fungurume 5, Goma 2 and Kolwezi D are natural Cu-Co undisturbed hills from the TenkeFungurume region and Kolwezi region, respectively (Fay and Barton, 2012;Cox et al, 2003;Kaya Muyumba et al, 2015;Lange et al, 2014;Schuh et al, 2012). Etoile, Kalabi, Niamumenda and Ruashi are disturbed sites (Malaisse and Grégoire, 1978 ;Faucon et al, 2011 ;Lange et al, 2014, Pourret et al, 2015Ilunga wa Ilunga et al, 2015).…”

Natural Resources in a Planetary Perspective

“…Sediment-hosted copper deposits are stratabound, restricted to a narrow range of layers within a sedimentary sequence but do not necessarily follow sedimentary bedding. They are epigenic and diagenetic, formed after the host sediment is deposited, but in most cases, prior to lithification of the host (Cox et al, 2007) and are independent of igneous processes. Sediment-hosted copper deposits are formed by fluid mixing in permeable sedimentary rocks.…”

“…Rose (1976) showed how reduced fluids, derived from organic-rich shales and carbonate rocks, cause precipitation of copper when contacting copper-rich brine: Most sulphide ores are precipitated within 50 cm of the sediment-water interface. Deposits are most commonly situated at basin margins where fluid mixing is most likely to take place (Cox et al, 2007). One of the major Cu provinces is the Central African Copper Belt.…”

Physiochemical Restrictions of Mineral Zoning of Sediment-Hosted Stratiform Copper Deposit in SW China

“…In fact, mineral zonation both laterally and vertically from pyrite to chalcopyrite to bornite to chalcocite to hematite is characteristic of SSC copper deposits [11,22]. This pattern from pyrite to copper-rich minerals (chalcocite) has been described for many deposits [1,6,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The same mineral zoning is found in red-bed deposits widely, one of the basic broad categories in SSC deposits [1,6,22,[30][31][32].…”

“…Brown [21] proposed the metallogenic model of SSC deposits and believed that copper deposits of this kind occurred in the contact between red and grey clastic horizons of redox interface and had a typical sulfide zoning: chalcocite, bornite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. In fact, mineral zonation both laterally and vertically from pyrite to chalcopyrite to bornite to chalcocite to hematite is characteristic of SSC copper deposits [11,22]. This pattern from pyrite to copper-rich minerals (chalcocite) has been described for many deposits [1,6,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”