Sediment Disturbance and Correlation of Offset Holes Drilled with the Hydraulic Piston Corer: Leg 94

Ruddiman, William F.; Cameron, D. A.; Clement, Gregory T.

doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.94.111.1987

Cited by 73 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…5) show the same anomalous pattern, with low values recorded in more than the upper half part of these cores, increasing abruptly downcore. Sediment disturbances occurring within a core have been described previously by scientists on Leg 86 (Heath, Burckle, et al, 1985) and reviewed by Ruddiman et al (1987). Given these observations, it is the authors' contention that coring disturbance greatly reduces our ability to correlate anisotropy profiles between holes drilled at a same site.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Velocity Anisotropy in Calcareous Sediments from Leg 130, Ontong Java Plateau

Bassinot¹,

Marsters²,

Mayer³

et al. 1993

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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During Leg 130, an intensive program of P-wave velocity measurements was conducted on calcareous sediments of varying induration (ranging from ooze to limestone) that cover the Ontong Java Plateau (west equatorial Pacific). The high quantity and quality of shipboard acoustical property measurements seemed to be particularly appropriate for gaining a better understanding of acoustic anisotropy in calcareous sediments. Major results can be summarized as follows:1. In calcareous oozes, acoustic anisotropy exists even at shallow depths of burial. Values are low, ranging from -0.5% to 3.5% and averaging 1.2%. Anisotropy profiles are affected by coring disturbances, but they still roughly correlate between holes cored at a same site. There is no general increase of anisotropy with depth of burial in ooze sections. These observations imply that most of the anisotropy measured in oozes is controlled by original changes in sediment composition rather than by reorientation of anisotropic minerals or flattening of pores during burial. Given the data available, bedding lamination seems to be the most satisfactory explanation for acoustic anisotropy in calcareous oozes of Ontong Java Plateau. However, bioturbation affects the entire ooze sections cored and much of the original depositional features may have been removed. Further analysis such as scanning-electron-microscope (SEM) observations of epoxy impregnated ooze samples are necessary to test the "bedding lamination" hypothesis.2. Ooze to chalk transition is marked by a tremendous change in the anisotropy profiles. In chalk sections the anisotropy values are higher (reaching 20%) than in ooze sections. Most of the anisotropies are negative (horizontal P-wave velocities lower than vertical velocities), whereas positive values are expected. Weakly cemented chalk samples are affected by cracking when compressed between the Hamilton Frame transducers for P-wave measurement. Cracks occur along bedding planes during horizontal P-wave velocity measurements, thus leading to anomalously low horizontal P-wave velocities and negative anisotropies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Velocity Anisotropy in Calcareous Sediments from Leg 130, Ontong Java Plateau

Bassinot¹,

Marsters²,

Mayer³

et al. 1993

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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“…Even under the best of conditions, there are a number of problems and processes that potentially blur the age/depth con- 50-19.20 19.20-23.55 29.05-74.20 74.20-80.00 80.00-92.45 97.15-105.20 105.20-109.70 110.25-120.00 120.00-124.70 124.70-142.25 142.25-164.80 164.80-206.01 0-8.10 8.10-9.80 9.80-20.30 20.30-33.80 78.45-98.80 98.80-158.20 158.20-219.70 219.70-236 trol of a drilled or cored sedimentary sequence, including inaccurate biochronologic control, problems unique to the coring process (see review by Ruddiman et al, 1987), sediment reworking, and differing biostratigraphic methodologies between investigators. Given these potential sources of error, we have tried to make allowance for minor offsets of even supposedly good age indications along the interpolated/extrapolated sedimentation rate lines in Figures 2-4.…”

Section: Stratigraphy and Age Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cenozoic Carbonate Accumulation and the History of the Carbonate Compensation Depth in the Western Equatorial Indian Ocean

Peterson¹,

Backman

1990

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 115 Scientific Results

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The principal paleoceanographic objective of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 115 was to collect a suite of materials that would allow reconstruction of the dynamic features of the late Cenozoic carbonate system in the equatorial Indian Ocean. This goal was achieved with the recovery of sediments from a closely spaced depth transect (1541-4428 m) of five sites (Sites 707 through 711) from on and around the Mascarene Plateau that record the last 50 m.y. of pelagic deposition. More than 2200 measurements of carbonate content are combined here with a highly resolved bio-and magnetostratigraphy to produce the first detailed compilation of bulk, carbonate, and noncarbonate mass accumulation rates (MARs) from the Indian Ocean.These results allow us to recognize three major depositional intervals, each characterized by a distinct depth-dependent pattern of carbonate accumulation: (1) the Paleogene, a time of moderate accumulation rates (0.4-0.7 g/cm 2 /1000 yr) and reduced between-site accumulation differences; (2) the early and middle Miocene, a period characterized by greatly reduced carbonate MARs (typically <0.2 g/cm 2 /1000 yr) at all sites and a shallow carbonate compensation depth; and (3) the late Miocene to Holocene, a time span marked by the highest bulk and carbonate accumulation rates of the last 50 Ma (1.6-1.8 g/cm 2 /1000 yr), and the first appearance of substantial contrasts in carbonate accumulation as a function of the water depth of the drill site. The fundamentally different character of the carbonate system during each of these intervals must represent a regional response to the complex evolution of late Cenozoic oceans and climate. INTRODUCTIONAfter a successful drilling cruise in the tropical Indian Ocean, the JOIDES Resolution returned to port at the end of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 115 almost 40 yr to the day after the Swedish Deep Sea Expedition began its circumglobal voyage with Albatross in July 1947. That earlier expedition brought home piston cores, unique at the time, that Arrhenius (1950Arrhenius ( , 1952) first used to measure and describe time-dependent variability in the biogenic carbonate content of deep-sea sediments, variability which he attributed to rhythmic changes in ocean circulation and surface-water productivity caused by climatic forcing.During the decades that have passed since Arrhenius's pioneering work on the Albatross cores, it has become increasingly clear that the development of well-constrained models of the deep-sea carbonate budget is a necessary prerequisite to understanding the history of both ocean circulation and global climate. This insight is derived from the fact that carbonate accumulation in open-ocean environments is primarily dependent upon the production rate of planktonic foraminifers and calcareous nannoplankton in the surface waters and their subsequent dissolution on the seafloor. Surface-water productivity is determined by the availability of nutrients, whereas dissolution is largely a function of the calcium carbonate saturation state of ...

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“…Some depth inflation is expected due to elastic rebound, but its magnitude suggests that either the drilling process generates additional core extension [e.g., Lyle et al, 1992] or that composite sections do not accurately reproduce in situ stratigraphy [e.g., MacKillop et al, 1995]. Vertical motion of the ship during drilling can create gaps between sections, but material should be missed as often as duplicated, creating no accumulation in offset between mbsf and mcd [Ruddiman et al, 1987]. Lateral drift of the ship relative to the drilling hole can create systematic errors in the measurement of mbsf at a given site but should not exceed 1 m. Tidal heave can also produce systematic depth offsets but cannot explain why composite depth offsets are consistently positive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composite sections of $9.6-m cores from DSDP Leg 94 were developed using visual core color, CaCO 3 content, and magnetic data Raymo et al, 1989]. Ruddiman et al [1987] presented a detailed discussion of the factors governing core depth offsets, percent recovery, coring gaps, and drilling disturbances. On the basis of observations from legs 81 [Roberts et al, 1984] and 94, they proposed that sediments with higher water content may be more susceptible to coring disturbances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated composite depth scale construction and estimates of sediment core extension

Lisiecki

Herbert

2007

Paleoceanography

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[1] A composite section, which reconstructs a continuous stratigraphic record from cores of multiple nearby holes, and its associated composite depth scale are important tools for analyzing sediment recovered from a drilling site. However, the standard technique for creating composite depth scales on drilling cruises does not correct for depth distortion within each core. Additionally, the splicing technique used to create composite sections often results in a 10-15% offset between composite depths and measured drill depths. We present a new automated compositing technique that better aligns stratigraphy across holes, corrects depth offsets, and could be performed aboard ship. By analyzing 618 cores from seven Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) sites, we estimate that $80% of the depth offset in traditional composite depth scales results from core extension during drilling and extraction. Average rates of extension are 12.4 ± 1.5% for calcareous and siliceous cores from ODP Leg 138 and 8.1 ± 1.1% for calcareous and clay-rich cores from ODP Leg 154. Also, average extension decreases as a function of depth in the sediment column, suggesting that elastic rebound is not the dominant extension mechanism.Citation: Lisiecki, L. E., and T. D. Herbert (2007), Automated composite depth scale construction and estimates of sediment core extension, Paleoceanography, 22, PA4213,

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Sediment Disturbance and Correlation of Offset Holes Drilled with the Hydraulic Piston Corer: Leg 94

Cited by 73 publications

References 3 publications

Velocity Anisotropy in Calcareous Sediments from Leg 130, Ontong Java Plateau

Velocity Anisotropy in Calcareous Sediments from Leg 130, Ontong Java Plateau

Late Cenozoic Carbonate Accumulation and the History of the Carbonate Compensation Depth in the Western Equatorial Indian Ocean

Automated composite depth scale construction and estimates of sediment core extension

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